SERBIAN TLANGVAL GAVRILO PRINCIP

GAVRILO PRINCIP

       

     Kum 1914 Nipui khaw nawm lâi a ni a. Kiel tuikawng hawnnaa kalte chu an hlim kher mai. Mahse chutihlai chuan chanchin thar râpthlâk em em, June 28 (1914) khan Austria-Hungary lal tupa, a aiawhtu tur Franz Ferdinand-a leh a nupui Czech mi (Countess) Sophie Chotek-i chu Bosnia khawpui pakhat Sarajevo-ah misualin an kâp hlum tih thu chuan a rawn dêng a. Chutihlaia mi thil chinchang intihre pha deuh chin chu an ngui nghal rawih mai a ni.

            Ferdinand-a te nupa kâp hlumtu hi Serbian tlangval, kum 19 mi Gavrilo Princip-a a ni a. Hemi nia a thiltih hian kum zabi 20-na chu a chawk buaiin a tidanglam nasa hle a. Amah pawhin khawvel hi kum sawmriat chhung zet indona mualah hruai lûtin mihring maktaduaih za têlin an thih phah dawn tih a hre pha hauh lo vang. He tlangval thiltih avanga khawvel danglam nasat dan tlêm tê chauh kan sawi dawn a. Chumi hmain he tualthahna thlen lai vela Europe khawmualpui boruak kha han sawi hma thuak thuak ila a tha awm e.

            Kum 1870-71 Franco-Prussian War atangin German hnam chu inzawm khawmin Germany ram chak tak maiah a lo dingchhuak a. Amarawhchu an ram zawmkhawmtu ber Prince Otto Edward Leopold von Bismark-a chuan Europe rama Germany ram chak tak mai din bâk chu indona râpthlâk zawk a chhuak thei tih hriain khawvel ram danga hâk tihzauh vak a tum lem lo va. A hun chhûng kum 19 khan Europe-ah Germany a hausa ber a, a chak ber bawk. Chutihlai chuan France sawrkar erawhchu a chak lo em em thung a. Franco-Prussian War-a an ram hlohte chuan an rilru a tinâ a, lâk lêt leh mawlh an duh a. Indopui Pakhatna tir lama an tum ber pawh kha a ni ta reng a ni.

            Bismark-a chuan Germany chu Europe ram dangte tan a hlauhawm lo ve tiin France tih loh chu remna a siampui hlawm a. Amarawhchu kum 1888 khan a ngaihdan tawmpui ve hauh lotu William II-an Germany lal thutthleng a rawn luah a. Kum 1890-a Bismark-an politics a chawlhsan hnu chuan Europe boruak chu a rit tan ta hle a ni. William II chuan Germany-in Europe ram dangte ang bawkin khawvelah ram a zauh thiang tih a puang a. Lawngrual tichakin sipai a lâk belh teuh a. Bismark-an indo lo tura Russia remna a ziahpui te chu a ngaihsak duh lo va. A tawng chaltlâi ta hle mai a ni.

            Hetia Germany lo pawr thar ta hi British sawrkar chuan an huan pal rawn thiat thei a ni tih hriain a lo uipui tui lian thlir mai mai hauh lo. Indona a chhuak thut thei tih hriain lawng tha zawkte a tuk belh bâkah a sipaite a thuam tha sauh sauh a. Tin, William II-a fiamthu duhdan enin a ngaih a tha thei lo va. Chuvang chuan khawvel hmun danga a leido France sawrkar chu an buaina dah thain inremna ente cordiale a siam pui a. Germany laka vui thar Russia zawl thluin France nen an pathum chuan Triple Entente an din a. Germany leh a sangawizawnpuiten Triple Alliance  an din bawk a. A fawhkai awm se indona meipui alh thut thei reng a ni.

Kum 1908-a Cremean Indona avangin Austria-Hungary chuan a chakna a hloh nasa hle tawh a. Chutih laiin Europe khawmualpuiah mahni ram vohbikna rilru leh thenawm ramte aia chak loh bik hlauhna a lian sawt em em bawk. Kum 1911-12 velahte chuan thu leh hlaa indona ri a ring tawh hle a. An invau deuh chhur chhur reng mai a ni. Kum 1913-ah phei chuan ralthuam lama intlansiakna chuan a vawrtawp a thleng tak meuh meuh tawh a ni. Germany chuan sipai 870,000 thleng neih theihna dan an siam thar a. Indo lawng leh tuihnuai lawng a nei thar teuh a. Russia chuan sipai pension hun tur a pawh sei bâkah sipai 1,200,000 a nei bawk a. France sawrkar pawhin sipai tan hun kum hnih atangin kum thumah a pawt sei a. Sipai 656,000 lai a nei bawk. British tih loh Europe ram dang, kei ka ni intiho chuan mipa kum 19-20 bawr vel chu tihluihnain (constrip) sipai an tantir vek nghe nghe a ni.

            Indo lo chhuak thut se an sipai chêt vel dan tur pawh an duang thui khawp mai. Germany leh France-te chuan darkâr 48 chhungin an sipaite chu indo turin an peih hman vek thei turah an inngâi a. Austria-Hungary leh Russia-te erawh chuan ni li ni nga vel duhin an inngai thung. British erawh chuan lei sipai a ngah lo va, a neih chhun zahve zet chu India ramah a dah a. A la bâng zahve dang pawh khawvel hmun hrang hrangah a dah darh a ni.

            Tin, boruak titang lehzual turin kum 1906 khan France sawrkar laka hel Morocco-ho chu Germany chuan a lo tanpui ve a. Buaina lian zawk chhuah phah em lovin Spain ram khaw pakhat Algeciras-ah an inbe rem thei hram a. Mahse kum 1911-ah Germany chuan Morocco-hel ho chu a pui leh ngat a; chungte chuan boruak a tilum nasa hle a ni. Tin, hemi kum vêk hian Italy chuan Africa khawmualpui hmar lama Ottoman Empire tar chau lam ram bung thenkhat  chu a luah luihsak bawk.

Kum 1913 khan France ramin president thar M.Poincare-a an nei a. Anmahni hawtu nia ngaiin German-ho chuan an lo huphurh nghal em em ringawt mai bawk a. Tin, remchang awm se Germany sawrkar mi lian leh sipai hotute chuan an chakzia entir an châk a, an ram chu khawvel awptu ni thei turah an dah bawk a. Boruak a tang khawp mai. Hetiang hi Europe khawmualpui boruak chu a nih avangin engemaw hleka intualvuak vak thei an ni reng a ni.

            Austrian lal fapa Archduke Francis Ferdinand-a te nupa thih thu chuan khawvel a dêng chhuak rang kher mai. Chutihlaia thil chinchang inti hre pha deuh chin chu an thlaphang reng a. An hlauh ang ngeiin Austria lal putar thinur chu a inhrosa dum dum a. Chu tualthahna-ah chuan Serbia sawrkar inrawlhin a hre tlat mai a. Germany sawrkar chakna hmachhuana inhrosain Serbia ram nikin ni a thleng ta a ti hmiah mai a ni. A beisei ang chuan kum 1908 indo ang bawk khan Germany chuan a ralthuam neih tam leh hausakna hmachhuanin sawrkar lian dang chu a lo vau zam ang a, tichuan chu indona chu Austria-Hungary leh Serbia inkara indona chauh a lo ni dawn a ni.

            July 23-ah Austria chuan Serbia chu a ram chhunga Austria ram duh lohna lam chi reng reng chanchinbu leh lehkhabu khap tur te, sawrkar hnathawk leh zirtirtute pawh Austria sawrkar demna lam chi chhakchhuak thinte chu ban veka Sarajevo-a Serbian police pahnih hming an pêkte Austria kuta hlan a, Austria police-te chu misual hnu chhuitir turin a hrilh a. Darkar 48 chhûnga a chhanna peih turin a ti bawk a. July 25-ah Serbia chuan Austria thil phût chu an zawm vek theih loh thu a puang a. Austria lungawi lo chuan Belgrade atanga a palai ko kirin ramri-ah sipai a chhêk nghal a. Hetihlai hian British Foreign Secretary Sir Edward Grey-an remna zawnga Germany, France, Italy leh British te chu dawhkan khat kilin inbiak nise tih a rawt chu Germany chuan a hnawl fithla a. A tuk leh lawk July 28-ah Austria chuan Serbia do a puang a. INDOPUI PAKHATNA chu a lo chhuak ta a ni.

            Russia chuan Balkan vela Austria-Hungary lian zel tur chu duh lovin Serbia a puih tur thu a puang a. Hetihlaia Russia lal Tsar-a leh German lal William II-te kha inthian tha tak mai an ni a. William-a phei chuan Russia chu lo inrawlh ve lo turin vawithum zet thirhrui a han thawn hman a ni. Mahse Tsar-a chuan Germany chu remna daltu berah a puh tlat mai si a. Dik inti ve ve chuan August 1-ah indo an puang a. August 3-ah France-in Germany do a puang a. A tukah British leh Germany-in indo an puang veleh bawk a. A hnu kum thum 1917 April 6-ah USA-in Germany do a puang leh a. Tichuan Indopui Pakhatna chuan a vawrtawp a thleng chho ta a ni.

            He Serbia tlangval kum 19 mi lek thiltih avanga indona hian kum li zet awhin kum 1918 November 11-a remna an ziah khan silai ri a reh fel chauh a ni. Indona hi tâwp ang chuan lang mahse tlâwm zawkte rilru-ah hliam dam thei lo a siam a. Chu chuan indona rapthlak zâwkah a hruai lût leh ta a ni. An inremna ang chuan tunhmaa ram ropui leh hausa mihring maktaduaih 31 awmna Austria-Hungary chu Vienna khawpui bul vel mihring 6,000,000 vel lekah an sâwr zim a. Tunhmaa ram ropui Turkey pawhin Palestine leh Mesopotamia chu Great Britain kutah a hloh daih mai bawk a. Tin, indo vanga rethei lutuk Italy ramah Benito Mussolini-a a lo lian a. Kum 1922-a Mussolini-a leh a hote Black Shirt-ten Rome khua an lût chu Lalber Immanuela-a chuan tan lo khawh se mipuiin an tawrh nasat dan tur hriain rorelna chu a lo kian tawp mai a ni.

            He indona hi Russia -in a tuar ber awm e. Indo laklawh laiin a inhnûk dawk a. Chuti chung chuan mihring 1,700,000 a hloh bâkah hei aia tam fê an hliam bawk. A retheih phah lutuk chuan tualchhung buaina tichhuakin mipuiin an lal Tsar-a chu an paihthla a, communist sawrkar dinin Lenin-a leh Trotsky-a ten hneh takin an awp zui ta a ni.

            Paris khaw dâi Versailles-a inremna an ziah angin Germany chuan Italy, France leh Belgium hnenah lungalhthei ton maktaduaih tam tak a chawi a ngai a. Sipai thi chhûngte hnenah pension hlawh a pêk a tul bawk a. Tin, an ram pawisa hlutna lo tlahniam zel nen; chhangthawp tlawn khat cheng singthumte a ni a. Iptepui kau hawka pawisa an ah pawhin tlai khat bazarna a daih meuh lo a ni. Thalai hna nei lo an tam a, sualna a pung nasa bawk. Mipui beidawng thinur chuan mi chak nia an hriat National Socialist (Nazi) hotupa Adolf Hitler-a chu an thlang tling a. Versailles inremnaa an mualphona zawng zawng khuh tur leh an tlawm hmingchhiatna tihreh leh chu an châk et et mai a ni. Hitler-a lah chuan mipui rilru chawhphur dan chu a thiam ropui si.

Tin, indona-ah mipa maktaduaih têl an thih avangin tunhmaa mipa hna chauh nia ngaih kha hmeichhiain an lo thawk lo thei ta lo va. Hmeithai leh fahrah an tam avangin sualna a pung a. Mipa an tlêm avangin chi inthlahna chungchang thlengin sawrkar a inrawlh a tul bawk. Ram thenkhatah hmeichhiain vote  an neih theih phah a. Politics leh vantlang nunah hmeichhe dinhmun a san phah khawp mai.

            Indopui Pakhatna hian indopui dang a kâwk nghal ruah ti ila a dik ang. America President Woodrow Wilson-an ‘the war to end all wars’  a tihte chu a dik lo chhiava a ni. Hetihlai hian indona meipui chhawm nungtu atana tha tak tak roreltu an awm fur mai.  Spain ramah dictator General Franco-an ro a rêl a. Tin, Russia chu Hitler-a aia tawngtai tam bik miah lo mi nunrawng Joseph Stalin-a, Lenin-an a aiawhtu atana a duh loh ber mai chuan  hneh takin a awp bet a. Tin, Italy ramah hmanlai Rom ram ropuina din thar leh châka mu tui thei lo Mussolini-a chu a vakul lal lên bawk a. Europe mipui mimir hrim hrim zingah Indopui Pakhatna hliam la dam chiah loh avang leh politics haitho avanga inrinhlelh tawnna a nasa em em bawk.

            Hitler-a chuan German hnamte chu khawvela chi tha ber, roreltu tur niin a ngai tlat a. Juda-ho leh mihangte phei chu a tei thei bau lo. A kawng daltu nia a hriatte chu  tuk thluk hmiah hmiah pawh a pawisa lo va. Chuvangin a bul tan nan kum 1939 September thla khan a thenawm Poland chu chhuanlam dawrawm tê tê siama rûn thutin Russia nen an inchhang phel ta hmiah mai a. Tichuan khawvel awm tirh ata indona râpthlâk ber Indopui Pahnihna chu a lo alh chhuak ta hluah mai a ni.

            He indona hian kum ruk zet awhin kum 1945 September 2-ah a tawp a. Mihring maktaduaih 55 zet an boral a ni.

            Indo zawh hian Europe leh Japan ramah mipa maktaduaih tel an thih avangin nuthlawi leh fahrah an tam a. Mipa an tlêm avangin a awm chhun an to va, khaw thenkhatah phei chuan mipa tan khawlai len ngam a ni mang lo an ti; hmeichhe hovin an inchuh nasa lutuk a ni maithei(?). Indopui Pahnihna avanga khawvel inlumleh dan chu tlêma zawng kan han sawi dawn a ni.

 

Europe

            Indopui chu British, France, Holland, Italy leh Germany ten an chhiat phah viau laiin tunhma lama ram rethei Soviet Union a rawn len phah ta viau thung. Italy chu a tê sawt a. Tunhmaa ram lian ve pawl Prussia chu USSR leh Poland-in an pawt darh vek a. Independent ram ni thin Estonia, Latvia leh Lithuanian te chu USSR-in a dawlh bo daih a. Indo avanga Russia ram zauh belhna chu Sqm 190,000 niin mihring maktaduaih 25 lai a neih belh hial a ni. Germany chu ram pahnih  East Germany leh West Germany-ah then an ni a. Hnam khat an ni naa political system hran vuan an ni bawka an inunau hlei thei lo. West Germany chuan communist do turin intelligence lam thiam hmingthang, communist ten hluah hluahtu General Reinhard Gehlen-a an nei a. Enthlâkna lam a thiamzia chu mi hrilfâk a tling a ni. Tin, East Germany lam pawhin mi fel hmingthang, theih nise ram tan vawi sawmpathum thi ngam tur, kum 28 lek a nih laia Lt. General kai pha Markus Wolf-a an nei bawk a. Huaisen leh huaisen, thiam leh thiam, fing leh fing inveh vel chanchin chu ngaihnawm tak a ni.Tin, Europe khawchhak lam ram tênau deuhte chu communist hnuaiah an tlu ta vek bawk a. Tunhma lama inthian thate pawh kha an inmelh rum ta fo mai a ni.

 

Middle East

            Indopui Pakhatna hma lam atang tawh khan khawvel ram hrang hranga  Judate chuan ram bik neih duhin aw an lo chhuah dât dât tawh thin a. Europe ram lian deuhte pawhin Uganda ramah khuan Juda-te tan ram bik pêk an lo rilruk tawh a. Mahse an pi leh pute chena an lo lunglenna ber Palestina ram lo chuan an lung a dum tak tak thei si lo. Tichuan a rûkin Palestina ramah chuan an pêm lût zut zut a. Kum 1917-a British-in Balfour Declaration a puan hnu phei chuan Palestine ramah Juda mi an lo tam ta hle mai a. Buaina a chhuak ta fo mai a ni.

            Kum 1921 khan Palestine ram luahtu zinga a chi tam ber hotu Mohammed Amin al- Husseini-a chu a damchhung atan Jerusalem-a Islam sakhaw hotu-ah an dah a. Ani hi Hitler-a meuh pawh sit rum rum khawpa Juda mi hrim hrim haw em em mai a ni a. He mihring hotua an dah hi British thil tihsual lian tak mai, buaina lo intanna pakhat chu a ni ta a ni. Husseini-a hian Judate a huat lutukna lamah Arab mi Juda ngaithei deuh (moderate) hote thlengin a phil duh a. Tin, Juda mi an pun chak em avangin Arab sing telin Palestine chu an chhuahsan hum hum bawk. Tichuan Middle East chu a neitu bera ngaih British pawhin tihngaihna a hre ta vak lo. Arab mi tilawm si lo, Juda mite tilawm bawk silovin a awm ta reng a. Kum 1939 atang phei chuan British chuan tunhmaa Juda mite a duhsakna rilru kha a pu ta mang hauh lo mai a. Chu chu hriain Juda ram siam tum mi hrat khawkheng Hagana pawl leh Mechachem Begin-a kaihruai Irgun Zvai Leumi-te chuan tharum hmanga Bristish chu Palestine ram atanga hnawh chhuah an tum a. An huaisenin an fing si a, an chimawm khawp mai. He mite pawl aia duh rum mah tur  Polish Jews, Abraham Stern-a pawl, kum 1942-a Stern-a thih hnua zuai ta deuh Stern Gang an tihte phei chuan pawisak an nei map lo.

            Ben Guirion-a chu kum 1941 khan USA-a Juda-te phungbawma sawm turin a zin a. USA-a Juda maktaduaih nga zette tanpuinaa ram thar din mai theih a beiseina chu a lian sawt a. A kum leh 1942-ah  Weizmann-a a tir leh a. Hetihlai hian mipui rilru-ah Juda-ho tana ram siamsak chu a dik ang em tih zawhna a lian hle mai a. Weizmann-a chu theih tawp chhuahin a zuk kampen  leh a. Mi rilru pawh a zu hneh hle a ni.

            Hetihlaia America President Roosevelt-a erawh chuan Juda-ho chu chutihteh-ualin a ngaisang hran lo. New York , Illinois leh Pennsylvania-ahte chuan Juda-ho vote apiang an tling tihngam khawpin politics-ah huhang an nei a. Roosevelt -a erawh chuan Juda-ho vote lo pawha tling theiah a inngai thung. Kum 1945 February thlaa Yalta Conference a hmang zo haw lamin Saudi Arabia lal chu a kawm zuai a ni awm e. "Saudi Lal nen minit  nga kan inkawm khân lehkha dawrzawn hnih dawrzawn thum inthawn aiin thil a fiah zawk" ti thei khawpin Saudi Lal chuan a lo hmin hman a ni. Roosevelt -a chu a hnu lawk April 12-ah thluaka thisen lûtin a thi ta thut mai a. A aiawhtu a vice-president tanglai Truman-a chu politic-ah mi chak a ni lo va. Kum 1948 inthlan-ah Juda-ho vote chu a mamawh dawn bâkah Juda-ho chu a lo awn sa ve hrim hrim a. Chu chuan Israel ram thar ding turah chuan kori a tu thui ta ber mai a ni. Mi thil chinchang intihre deuh thenkhat chuan Roosevelt -a kha dam reng se Israel ram khu a piang kher lo maithei an ti hial a ni.

            Kan sawi tawh ang khan neitu chanchang British chuan tihngaihna hre lovin Palestina chungchang chu UNO kutah a dah tawp mai a. UNO-ah chuan an han sawi hova, USA puihnain Israel ram thar din chu an vote tlu ta mai a. America ramah Truman-a chu an sawisel ta sup sup mai le. Oil-a sumdawng mi hausa tak takin Truman-a chu an oil lâkna ber Arab-ho pawi a sawi avangin an dem rawn luai luai a. State Department chuan USA chu tlu chhe thuai turin a hrilhlawk a. Defence Secretary Forrestal-a phei chuan America rama Juda-ho chu na fêin lehkha a thawn a ni. Israel chu May 1948-ah a lo ding ta a. Russia chuan British ram zau lutuk tih zimna a nih avangin Israel lo ding thar tur chu a thlawp a. British laka buaina lian zawk an siam zel theih nan Czech-ho chu ralthuam lama Israel pui turin a ti bawk a. Khawthlang lam rama sumdawng lian, foreign office leh defense ministries-ho erawhchuan Israel ram thar lo ding chu an sawisel luai luai mai a ni. France pawhin Syria chhuhsaktu British runluih nan chauh ralthuam an thawn ve a ni.

            Israel ram thar lo ding chu tuifinriata um hlum vek tumin Arab ramte chuan an rawn rûn nghal a. Hetihlai hian Hagana pawl chuan ralthuam hum tur nei mumal lo sipai 21,000 a nei a. An hmelma Arab-hote chu an lêt engemaw  zâta tam, ralthuam nei tha zawk an ni. Israel chu nuaibo nghal thei tura an inngaih avangin UNO-in ram a then pawh khan an pawm ve duh loh phah a ni. Mi zawng zawngin Israel sawrkar chu tlu lehnghal turah an ngai a. Mahse a ni lo; Arab-ho chu an tlâwm ta duai duai zawk a. Hemi tuma Israel chakna chhan hi America vang ni lovin Russia -in Czech-ho hmanga ralthuam a supply vang zawk a ni. Arab tlâwm chuan puhmawh tur zawngin an inhnial nasa a. Lal thenkhatin an tlâk phah bawk. Tin, Palestine hotu Mufti leh Jordan lal Abdullah te phei chu a tir atang tawha inbe thei bau lo, inhaw em em mai an ni. Tichuan UNO-in ram a thensak pawm duh lo Palestine mite leh Israel sawrkar inkara buaina chu a la reh lo a nih khu. Sawi tur a tam hle mai.

 

Asia Lam Thung

            Indo zawh hian India chu hmun hnihah a inthen phawk a. Chu chuan sub-continent-ah buaina reh thei lo a siam bawk. Indopui Pahnihna avang hian China ramah General Mao Zedong-a pawl communist-hote chuan Chiangkai Shek-a pawl Kuomintang chu China ram atangin Formosa (Taiwan)-ah an hnawt chhuak a. USA-in Chiangkai Shek-a thlavang hi hauh nasa hle lo se chu um zuiin an nuai zui nek ngei ang.

            Tin, Japan chhuahsan Korea ramah indona meipui a rawn alh leh ta thut mai. A hmar lam communist-ho chuan kum 1950 June thla khan Russia ralthuam tha nei sipai 60,000 zet nen a chhim lam chu an rawn rûn thut mai a. Tlêma tlêmah anmahni puitu sawrkar liante kai thovin indopui dang a chhuak leh thelh a ni. He indona-ah hian UNO hmingin ram 22-in sipai an tir a. A tam ber chu US sipai an ni. Kum 1953-ah an ramri 38 degree parallel chu a ngaiin an kaltir leh hram a. He indona-ah hian US sipai ringawt pawh thi leh hliam 120,000 zet an awm a ni.

            Kum 1955 April 18-ah khan Indonesia -a Java thliarkar Bandung khua-ah  Asia leh Africa atangin ram 29-in khawmpui an nei a. He khawmpui hi Bandung Conference tih a ni a. Engmah rêl thlûk tak tak awm lo mah se ram rethei zawkten an duhzawng an auchhuahpui tanna a nih avangin pawimawh hlea ngaih a ni. He conference-ah hian Indira pawhin a pa chu a han zui ve nghe nghe a. Pu Nehru-a phei chu a phusa ber pawl a ni.

            Tin, Korea indo lai vel bawk khan kum 1945-a Japan chhuahsan Vietnam ramah chuan indona meikhu a zâm chiai chiai a. Neitu chan chang intiin Japan rauhsan hnu awp leh tum France sawrkarin thapui a rawn thawh a. Mahse Vietnam chuan mi hrât khawkhêng Ho Chi Minh-a leh General Vo Nguyen Giap-a te a lo nei tawh a. Chuvangin kum nga zet an innuai fê hnu-ah pawh a sawrkar lian zawk France chu anmahni tualchhung buai nen, an che hlei thei ta der lo mai a. Kum 1954 March thla tawp atangin French ho kulhpui Laos ramri dep ami Diên Biên Phu chu Vietnam hnam pasalthaho chuan lâk ngei tumin an bei ta a. France lam pawhin tlâwm an tum lo khawp mai. Khawvel sipai tha ber pawla inchhâl French Foreign Legion chuan thih ngam lu pûin tan an khawh a. Zan khatah sipai 400 zette an thi thin chung pawhin inpêk mai chu an tum lo. Mahse thla thum dawn lai an inkhuainuai hnu-ah French sipaiho chu an tlawm a. Tichuan Geneva Conference thurel angin Indo-China atang chuan France sawrkar chu a inhnûk dâwk a. Rêi tak a lo awp tawh Vietnam chu mualpho ang reng takin a tinsan ta a ni.

            France sawrkarin an chhuahsan hnu hian Vietnam chu a la buai dawn chauh a ni. An ram chu 17 parallel-ah thenin a chhim lam chu capitalist hnuaiah a awm a. A hmar lam chu communist hnuaiah. N.Vietnam lam chuan tihluihnaa inzawmkhawm tumin tan an la reng a. S. Vietnam chu anmahni mai chuan ding zo dawna an hriat loh avangin USA chuan a tir atangin a pui char char a. Hei hi  President Dwight D. Eisenhower-a political theory pakhat Domino Theory  ringtute duhdan a ni ti ila a sual tam lo vang. He theory ang hi chuan communist kuta Vietnam hi a tluk ve hlauh chuan ram dang Thailand , Cambodia leh Malaysia-te pawh khi communist kutah an tlu vek mai dawn a ni.

Kum 1961 atangin USA chuan sipai lam tanpuina a pe a. Kum 1964-ah phei chuan thlawhna a ruai ta hial a. Kum 1967-ah chuan S.Vietnam chhan turin US sipai 500,000, S.Korea sipai 50,000, Australia sipai 8,000 leh New Zealand sipai 500 S.Vietnam-ah hian an awm tawh a ni. Tin, Japan-in sum leh paiin a lo tawiawm ve reng bawk a. N.Vietnam lam chu a sangawi zawnpui leh chawthing barpui Russia leh China-in eitur leh ralthuamin an lo pui reng bawk a. Nasa taka an indo hnu-ah USA chu mualpho dawn lutuka (an mualpho tawh hle a) a inhriat avangin March 29 1973 khan a inhnuk dawk ta a. A hnu kum hnih April 30 1975 -ah S.Vietnam chu a tlâwm hlen ta a ni. He indona-ah hian N.Vietnam sipai maktaduaih khat vel thia chhût a ni a. S.Vietnam sipai 400,000 leh US sipai 47,000 vel an thi bawk.

           

Africa

            Europe-ho chin hrep hnu Africa ramte pawh an indang zung zung bawk a. Africa ramte hi an buaiin an chiri zual emaw tih tur a ni. Sawrkar nghet a ding hlei thei hlawm lo va. Chu chuan dictator  lal kha fê fê a titam khawp mai. Lybia-ah Col. Muanmar Al Qadaffi-a chuan kum 27 mi lek a nih laiin an lal Idris I a paihthla a. Aigupta ramah Col. Gamal Abdel Nasser-an an lal Faruk I a paihthla bawk a. Uganda ramah mi tawrawt Idi Amin a hrâng hle thin bawk. Ethiopia , Sudan , Somalia , Angola etc-ahte tualchhung buai a reh hlei thei lo va. Tampui mitthi tuarin mihring maktaduaih têl an thi thin. Khawmualpui thlang lama ram tenau zingah sawrkar a inlehthal zak zak reng bawk. Sipai lalna ram a tam thin em avang hian Land of Generals ti ten an ko fiam thin reng a ni.

            Kum 1954-ah France-in Vietnam a chhuahsan kan tih kha. Khami kum vêk khan an ram bung khata an ngaih tho Africa hmar Mediterranean tuipui kama awm Algeria-ah chuan buaina meipui a rawn alh leh ta hluah mai a ni. Algeria ram independent sual pawl FLN-te chuan Europe-ho chu dim baksak lovin an han thuai ta a. Hmeichhia e, naupang e sawi lovin an hmuh hmuh an rawt ta hmiah hmiah mai a ni. An commander Ramdane Abane chuan FLN pakhat an thih apiangin mingo za zel thah tur thu a pe a. Algier mi pawh nise France lam tanga an hriat chu an dim chuang lo. A tir chuan France sawrkar chuan dim takin a chhang a. A sipaite pawh experience nei lo, tihluihna hmanga a lâk (conscript) deuh hlir a hmang a ni. Mahse FLN chu an chêt nasat tak em avangin kum 1957 January thla atangin Gen.Jacques Massu-a leh a sipai huaisen Ist Regiment Etrangere Parachutiste chu a tir a. Thuneihna pumhlum an pe a ni ber mai. Chuta tang phei chuan FLN nen an innun rawn siak a ni ta ber e. Algeria rama thisen luan nasatzia hi a hmutute chuan an hrilfâk a ni. He buaina-ah hian French Foreign Legion-te chu an tangkaiin mi hlauh ber pawh an ni. FLN-te chu an nuai chimit deuhthaw hial a. Amarawhchu France sipai-te hi an chêt rawva em avangin France mite chuan an duh lo em em a. Indona chu tawp thuai thuai se an ti hle a ni.

            Kum 1958 khan France chuan president thar Charles de Gaulle-a an nei a. Ani ngaihdan chuan mingo tana colony neih hun chu a tawp tawh a, khawvelin hun thar an chuangkai a ni. Hnehna chang mahse Algeria chu awp zui zel lova chhuahsan zai a rêl ta mai a. Chutia mahni lu zuar tak meuh meuha an beih hnua hnehna an chang ta maw tih hnua an hahna zawng zawng a han thlawn leh tho tur chu France sipai tam tak ngaihdan a ni ta lo; kum 1961 April thla-ah sawrkar paihthlak tumin an hel ta phut mai a. Heng sipai helho hian Algeria ram chu an thunun hman a. Tlêma tlêmah France ram chu tualchhung indonain a tuam leh thelh a ni. France Foreign Legion hotu thenkhatin 'France mi kan ni lo va, (French Foreign Legion-ah hian French mi tan phal a ni lo va) tualchhung buainaah kan inrawlh a tul lo ve' an tih avang leh tihluihnaa sipai tanghovin hel lam an zawm duh loh avangin sawrkar dinglai chu a tlu lo hram chauh a ni.

 

Cold War

            Indopui Pahnihnain a hrin pakhat chu thu leh hlaa indona Cold War kha a ni. Indo lai khan USA leh USSR chu hmelma thuhmun nei an nih avangin an tangrual a ni mai a. Mahse indo zawh rual khan an inngur nghal chhur chhur mai a ni. America chuan Russia do tur leh enthla turin Indopui laia enthlatu pawl Office of Strategic Services (OSS) chu an tilian a, Central Intelligent Agency (CIA) an din a. Russia pawhin enthlatu  hlauhawm tak Komitet Gosudarstvennoi Bezopasnosti (KGB) a nei bawk a. An inhmuhna apiangah an intuk chawrh chawrh a ni ber mai.

Kum 1950-a Italy ram inthlang tur chu US Intelligent leh Russia Intelligent-te khelmual a ni ta ringawt mai. He inthlanah hian communist-ho chu chak dawnin an lang hial tawh a. Mahse US Intelligent uisathiam puihnain communist bawih nghawngkawl rit tak mai chu an pumpelh thei hram a ni. Tichuan Europe-ah leh hmun dang dangah an sangawi zawnpuite tanpuia an duh loh zawng sawrkar tihbuai tumin ram ropui pahnih uisathiamte chu an inpel ta zak zak mai a. Buaina a awm hi chuan a serh zinga a mei ang hlauh an ni.

            Tin, Cold War  hian ralthuam neih ngah leh neih râpthlâk lamah ram hausa a tlantir nasa kher mai. Atom Bomb narante chu hlauhawm an tling zo tawh lo va, khawvel tichhe thei hydrogen bomb lian pui pui an paipawn fur mai a ni. Ram venhimna lama an sensote chu mihring pangngai dam hun chhûng lêt sawmah pawh chhiar sen loh turte an ni bawk. Ram hausa kârah ram rethei zawkten thei leh thei lovin ralthuam an lo intuak ve a, retheih pui ngial ngial an tam hle.

            Indopui Pahnihna hnu hian khawvelin hma a sawn nasa kher mai. Tunhma kum zabi sawmhnihna hma lama khawvel hmasawnna nena ngaihtuah phei chuan indopui hnu lama khawvel hmasawnna hi chu a zuanin a zuang a ni ngawt e. Van boruaka thlalem kah chhuah zozaite leh hmasawnna tam tak hi indo hrin chhuah an ni a. Computer-te pawh hi indopui vanga hmasawn chak lehzual a, tun dinhmun thleng chho ta hi a ni ti ila a sual tam lo vang.

            Tichuan kum 1914 atanga khawvel buaina kal zel chu kum 80 zet hnu August 31 1991 -a Russia sipai hovin East Germany an chhuahsan khan a lo tawp ta a ni. Indona tichhuaktu Serbian tlangval kum 19 mi lek Gavrilo Princip-a khan a thiltih râpthlâkzia te, khawvel a nghawng thuizia te, mihring maktaduaih tam takin an thih phahzia te, khawvel map a sawi danglam nasatzia te, a lehlamah science & technology lama hmâ kan sawn phah nasatzia te hi hria se a thiltihah khan a inchhir ang nge kum zabi 20-na chhunga khawvel history tidanglam vektu a nihna kha a uanpui hle ang tih hi ka inzawt ve fo thin.

            Gavrilo Princip-a (b. July 25, 1894, Obljaj, Bosnia) chu tual a thah lai khân pawl riat zirlai a ni a. Chutihlai vela rawlrala che thin, sipai officer-ho din Black Hand hnuaia mi rikrâp dan zir tawh, tunhma deuh atang tawha mi lâr thah châk tlat thin a ni. A hma lawk khan Ferdinand-a te nupa hi Princip-a thian tho Gabrinovics-a chuan thah tumin bomb-in a lo vawm a. Mahse Ferdinand-a chuan a lo beng per hman a. Chumi an tlanchhe haw lam chu Princip-a chuan automatic pistol-in hmun leh hmun deuhthaw-ah a lo kâp ta a ni. Ferdinand-a chu a hmaiah tak a kâp a. Biak tur a awm lo nghal a ni mai. A nupui Sophie chu a nghawngah leh a dulah a kâp a. An nupaa tlu dunin rei lo tê-ah an thi ta a ni.

            Gavrilo Princip-a chu kum 20 tâng tura tih a ni a. Mahse April 28, 1918 khan a bân an tanna hliam tuar lovin(?) a thi ta a ni.

            Han sawi zêl tâkah chuan Ferdinand-a te nupa chuanna car hi a vanduai ve reng reng bawk a ni. Ferdinand-a thih hnu hian Austrian sipai General Potiorek-an a lei a. A hnu lawkah he general huaisen hi Valjevo indona-ah a tlâwm a, a rilru na lutuk a ât phah a, a â hlum der mai. Austrian sipai captain pakhatin a lei chhawng a. Thla chanve lekah loneitu pahnih a sû a, a car chu thunun zo lovin thing a su leh a, a nghawng ruh a tliak bawk.  Indo zawhah Yugoslavia Governor pakhatin a lei leh a. Thla li chhûngin vawi li an chetsual pui a, a bân a bulh phah a. Puithunna la urhsun mi a nih avangin doctor pakhat hnenah a hralh vat a. Thlaruk hnu-ah chu doctor chuan a thih phah a. Chumi hnu-ah lunghlu zuar hausa deuh mai hian a lei a, chu pa chu a intihlum der a. Chumi hnua neitu chu Swiss racing-driver a ni; ani pawhin a chetsual pui a, a thi bawk. A neitu hnuhnung ber leh vanduaipui hnuhnung ber garage neitu Tibor Hirshfield-a chuan a thiante pali nen a car chu an chetsualpui a, a thih phah bawk. Tichuan Vienna Museum-ah an dah a, vanduaina engmah a thlen zui awm hriat a ni ta lo.