CHHAWLHRING

Hmanlai leh Tunlai

-         Lalchhuanmawia Tochhawng

Kum 2004 December 26-a tuifinriat tui fâwn nasa tak mai tsunami a thlen khan ram hrang hrang 14-ah mihring 230,000 zet an thi a nih kha. Khawvelin râpthlâk an ti a. Hmelma ram leh ram lo pawh sawi lovin a tuartu ramah chuan tanpuina a lût zut zut a, a râpthlâkzia kan sawi bâng lo a nih kha. Khatih laia US State Secretary Collin Powell-a, America sipai hotu ber nihna lo chelh reng tawh pawh khan, “Indona-ah vawi tam tak ka lo tel tawh a. Mahse hetiang anga thil râpthlâk hi ka la hmu lo,” a tive hial a ni.

Kha thil thleng râpthlâk tak mai kha Australia rama nu pakhat chuan a lo hre ve a. An pastor hnenah kalin hlim em em hian, “Pastor, Isua lo kal lehna chhinchhiahna a lo thleng leh ta a nih hi,” tiin a chibai hial a nih chu! He nu hian mi manganzia leh tah nasatzia lam reng reng a ngaihtuah lo. Chu chhiatna râpthlâk tak mai lo thleng chu a lawm zâwk ni hialin a lang. Chu mai ni lovin Bible hrilhlawkna nia a hriat thlen dikna tur a nih phawt chuan hetiang ang chhiatna hi thleng fo pawh ni se amah leh a chhungten an tawrh loh phawt chuan a lawm zel dâwn a ang khawp mai.

Ringtute zingah he nu ang hi kan tam awm hlein ka hre thin. Khawvel chhiatna chi hrang hrang, tuifawn, thlipui, lirnghing, hri, tâm, tuilian leh indona a lo thlen te hian kan chhungte an tel loh a, a tuartu kan nih dâwn loh phawt chuan, “Isua lo kal lehna chhinchhiahna zawngte leh, Pathian zawlnei hrilhlâwknate a thleng,” tiin kan zai hep hep mai a; nuam kan tithei hle.

Chutiang bawkin pulpit tlâng han lâwn dêk dêk tawh phawt chuan khawvela chhiatna thlen nasatzia leh sualna a pun nasatzia hi sawi nuam an ti hle bawk a. Chutianga thil chhe lam sawi tur chu an ngaihtuah an ngaihtuah a, an zawng an zawng a. Miin an zawn a, an ngaihtuah reng takah chuan sawi tur a lo awm ve zel bawk a. Chu mi ni lovin thil chhe lam report tur zawnga vâk kual vâk kual media lam mi tam tak an awm a. Chung mite avang chuan khawvel kilkhawr tak taka chhiatna thlengte chu kan lo hre ve zung zung a. Khawvel hi chhe ta viau leh sual ta viau-ah ngaih a awm khawp mai. Heng avangte hian pulpit hi Mizoramah chuan sual theh larna platform tha berah kan hmang ta a ni. Heng thuhriltu tam tak hi chuan khawvelah hian chhiatna thleng fo se, sualnate pawh hi  pungin mihring hi sual em em mai ila an lawm zawk emaw a ni hial ang.

Nisarihtlangah hian ka inkhawm zing ve ta hle mai a. Inkhawm tan dawna thuhmahruai sawitu reng reng chuan tunlai khawvel chhiat tawhzia leh buai tawhzia, chumi kara kan la inkhawm thei bik kan vanneihzia hi an sawi tel deuh ziah bawk a. Tunlai thangtharte hi hmanlai mite aia sual ta ngawih ngawih bik hian kan chhuah chamchi bawk nen; thalaite tan phei chuan fel bik nih a zahthlak thei rum rum dawn alawm le. Tin, puitling zawkte rilru-ah hian thalaiho hmuh sual riauna hi a intuh ve hrim hrim ni hian a lang. ‘Kan hun lai aia thangtharte chu sual zwk leh tihmawh zawka ngaihna hi hnam tinin an nei emaw ni ka ti hial mai. Mahse a ni vekin a lang si lo va. Chuvangin mi sawi loh lam zawngin hmanlai leh tunlai chanchin chu kan han sawi ve lawk dawn a ni.

1.Mi Rethei Dinhmun: Hmanlai vs Tunlai

Mi tam tak chuan ngaihtuah chiang mang lo hian ‘Mi rethei kan rethei tawlh

tawlh a, mi hausa an hausa tawlh tawlh,’ tiin tunlai mi rethei dinhmun hi hmanlai aia chhe ta viau-ah an ngai thin. Mahse economic han zir tak tak chuan mi retheite hi an rethei tawlh tawlh lo tih a lang chiang hle. A hnuaia statistics kan han dah atang hian a lang mai awm e.

Incidence of Poverty in India (an official estimate)

	unit	1973-74	1983	1987-88	1993-94	1999-2000
Thingtlang	%	56.4	45.7	39.1	37.3	27.1
Khawpui	%	49	40.8	38.2	32.4	23.6
Total	%	54.9	44.5	38.9	36	26.1

A chunga kan hmuh ang hian India ramah mi rethei kan tlêm sâwt hle tih a lang reng mai a. Chuvangin ‘mi retheite hi kan rethei tawlh tawlh lo’ tih a chiang hle a ni. Planning Commission-in a report dan chuan kum 2009-2010 chhung khan India ramah mi rethei maktaduaih 382 an awm a. Hei hi kum 2004-2005 aiin maktaduaih 27 zetin a tlêm tawh zâwk a ni.

Tin, tunlai mi retheite chu kan vannei tawh hle; miin min hmusit tawh lo. Min hmusit a nih pawhin an tilang ngam lo va, a thian pawh a thiang tawh hek lo. Hmanlai Israel fate hunah kha chuan mi rethei an tiduhdah hle a. Bawihah an hralh fo niin a lang. “Tangkaruaa mifel an hralh avâng leh, pheikhawk bun khata mi tlachham an hralh avângin: mi retheite lu chunga vaivut takngial pawh an ît a, pachhiate an rûksak a, pa leh a fapa chuan nula pakhat an zen tawm a, ka hming thianghlim an tibawlhhlawh a ni,” Amosa 2:6. “Thum vawrin ka mite an insem a; naupangte chu ahmei apain nawhchizuar leh uain lei nan an hralh a,” Joela 3:3. “Pa nei lo hnute hne lai pawh thlâksak chingte an awm a, retheite hnena dahkhamah an la a,” Joba 24:9. “A beng thleng khawpin retheite an rumtir a,” Joba 34:8. “Mi retheite thil in lâk chu in inah in chhêk khawm a. Engtizia nge ka mite hi hetia in rahbeh a. Mi rethei neih chhun in lâk zawh zel?” Isaia 3:14,15.    “Hetiang hian mi khawngaihthlâkte dik takin in relsak duh lo va, retheite that vena tûr in dang tlat a, hmeithaite in ei a, fahrahte in rawk a,” Isaia 10:2. “Rama mipuite chuan hnehchhiah an hmang a, rawk an ching a, a ni, mirethei leh tlachhamte chu an hnehsawh a, diklo takin mikhualte an hnehchhiah thin,” Ezekiela 22:29. “Retheite nêk chêp a, pachhiate rapbet….,” Amosa 4:1, “Mi retheite in rapbet a, an buhte in lâksak a,” Amosa 5:11. “Nangni tlachhamte rapbet a, ram chhûnga retheite ei zawh duh hialte u,” Amosa 8:4. “Tangkaruaa mirethei lei a, mi tlachhamte chu pheikhawk bun khata lei a, buhsî kan hralh theihnân, titute u,”  Amosa 8:6.

A chunga Bible châng kan han tarlan atang pawh khian hmanlai Israel rama mi retheite dinhmun hrehawmzia chu a chiang hle awm e. Tunhma chuan Mizo zingah pawh mi retheite chu an hmusit hle. Sailo thlahtu Zahmuaka te chhungkua chu tuikhur kawng thlangah an awm a. An retheih em avangin tui chawi tura kal vel chuan an in chu lungin an zu vawm leh ringawt mai thin a. Chuvangin an fapa hmingah pawh Zadênga an tihphah ringawt a ni. Tunlai hi chuan retheih avanga in invawmsak kan hre ta lo. Zampuimanga chu hmeithai fa a nih avang ringawtin a sakhi kah chu, “Fahrah sa kah,” tiin an chhuhsak a, mi tha fain an neihsak hmiah mai a ni.

Tuikang nghahna-ah pawh mi chhia leh mi tha chu an inthlau khawp mai. Pasaltha huaisen nupuite phei chuan an duh duh hunah mi an thâl khalh thei. Hei hi pasaltha chawimawina lamah ngaiin kan sawi mâwi lek lek a ni maithei e. Mahse tuikang lo nghâk hmasatu mi harsa zawk leh rethei zâwkte tâna a hrehawm dan tur leh a ngeiawm dan tur hi sawiin a siak lo a ni. Pasaltha ralthat nupuite chuan mi tuikang nghâk, lo thâl lai pawh kha an tuiûmin an mawngah an han tauh dawt a, an thâl khalh hmiah hmiah mai a ni.

Hmanlai Mizo society-in hmeithai an dahniam dan kha a râpthlâk ngawt nia! Liandova te unau thawnthu atang pawhin a lang reng mai. An naupan lai khan hmeithai fa an nih avang ringawtin an thiante chuan an kawm duh lo tih te thawnthu-ah kan hmu a. Thawnthu a ni naa thawnthu hian a hunlai mihring rilru a tilang thin. Hmeithai tan khaw êng hmuh a hrehawm em em a. An fate pawh mi pangngai pha zân lo turah ngaiin ‘hmeithai fa mai mai’ tih tawngkam an cheh fo bawk. Tin, sâwn an ngainepin an hmusit em em a. Khumpui kâi ve tlâkah pawh an ngai lo. Kumin kumtir, February thla (2013) khan Thingsulthliaha ka pa thlan ka han tlawh a. Thlanmual tawntirha ka pa bung phun hlim hnuaia ka chawlh lai chuan pitar kum 70 chuang tawh hi a thiannu nen an lo chawl ve a. Hmanlai chanchin kan sawina-ah an chhungte zinga sâwn lo piang ve an hmuhsit dan leh an nufaa chhuatah hlir an muttir dan te a sawi a. Tunlai nen chuan inang lo tak a ni.

Tin, mi hausa leh rethei inkar zau dan hi tunlai leh hmanlai khan a inang lo leh a. A innawm hleih bawk. Hnamchawm tlangval Chalthanga chuan an lal fanu Laltheri chu a lo ngaizawng ve ngawt mai a. An tihlum der mai a ni. Tunlai hian kan chief minister fanu hi thingtlang tlangvalin nei se jail-ah an khung a ngem? Teuh lo mai. Jail-a tantir leh tihhlum chu sawi loh ropui takin kan lawmsak zawk ang chu.

Tin, lalte khan an khua leh tuite an tiduhdah thei khawp mai. Tunlai anga human rights tih angte hi chu a rim a râ pawh an hre lo. “Lal hlau lo thi,” tih tawngkam hian lalten an khua leh tuite an tihduhdah thinzia a tilang chiang viau a ni. Sibuta chuan a farnu Darlalpuii a chhunhlum a, tuman ‘pip e, pup e,’ an tingam lo. A damlai lungphun tur pawhin Pawihte khual a tihlum ringawt bawk. Lal thenkhat chuan tiang zum deuh hi an hawl a, mi kephah chhun chat chata tiang hawl te kha nuam an tihzawng a ni.

Tunlai mi retheite erawh chuan hmuhsit tawk lovin khawngaih an hlawh tawh a. A diktak chuan kan inkhawngaih siak zâwk a ni ber e. Politician-ho phei chuan vote zawn nan an hmang a, an duat lutuk hi a tha lo zawk hial lo maw, kan ti tawh zâwk a nih hi. Sawrkar laipui atanga mi rethei dawmkânna tur scheme hrang hrang lo kal tam tawhzia leh sawrkar a insen nasatzia ngaihtuah hian tunlai mi retheite hi chu kan vannei tak zet tawh a ni.

2. Aia Upate Zahna Lam

Tunlai thangtharte hian hmanlai âiin âia upate zah dan kan thiam zâwk a, a lan chhuah dan erawh hmanlaia mi nen a inang lo maithei.

Hmanlai chuan upa zâwkten naupang zâwkte an tihduhdah thei hle. Keini naupan ve lai pawh khân min tiduhdah khawp mai. Kan nu leh pate hnenah pawh kan sawi tha ngam lo. Ho mai maiah mi tirh an ching a. An tihduh loh mi tihtir an hrât bawk a. Chuvangin hmanlai naupang nun kha chu a hrehawm khawp mai. Tlangval ve thuai thuai kan châk thin.

Kan naupan lâi khan kan âia upate kha kan zah nge kan hlau tih thliar hran thiam a harsa khawp mai. Tharuma kan hneh loh leh kan ngam loh kan âia upate kha kan hlau va, hlauh tur tingin min tiduhdah bawk a. Amarawhchu tharuma min khawih thei lo tar chak lote erawh chuan chhaih nawmnah leh auh duhdah an hlawh hle thung. Kan vênga tar chak tawh lo tak mai Kawlthâwma te nupa chu naupangin an chhaih duhdah thei hle. An kawmchhak kawng atangin, “Kâwlthawm, thingpui heh,” tiin an zu chhaih a, an bang chhaklamte chu an vawm fo bawk. Tin, hmeithaiten chhaih duhdah an hlawh em em a. Mitha fate phei chuan mâkpa atan leh mo atan hmeithai fa chu an iai deuh thin.

Tin, âia upa hrim hrim zah viau leh hlauh viau hi a tha vek em? He thu ka ziah hian âia upate zah loh lam ka sawimawi dâwn lo va. Mahse âia upa zah der chungchanga mi sawi ngai loh lam erawh chu ka sawi ve duh a ni.

Aia upate zah thiam hi a mâwi a, a tha a, ringtu nun nen pawh a inhmeh viau a ni. Amarawhchu India rama kan inzah der dan thin em em hi chu hmasawnna tithuanawp theitu a ni hial lo maw ka ti thin. Thangthar lehkhathiam fel tak tak an rawn chhuak a. A nih loh pawhin thalai remhre tak tak leh fel tak tak an lo awm ve lo thei lo va. Chung miten an thiamna leh an felna hmang thei miah lova  ‘a zawhte upata upat hrim hrim’ vanga upa zâwkte thu a lal ringawt hian ram hmasawnna tur a dal thei a ni.

Sapho zingah naupang thiltithei tak tak kan hmu teuh. George Washington-a kha kum 22 mi lek a nih lâiin a awmna state police chief a ni thei tawh a. FBI Director hmingthang  Hoover-a kha kum 29 lekah khawvel intelligent tha bera ngaih FBI diretor a ni thei tawh a ni. Khawvel a mum tih fiah hmasatu Magellan-a kha kum 26 mi lek a nih laiin khawvel hel chhuak turin a zin a nih kha. Heng lo pawh hi sawi tur a la tam mai.

Mizo leh vaite erawh chuan aia upate bulah engmah kan titha ngam lo va, kan inringtâwk bawk lo va, kan ti dui mai a ni. Sawrkar hna-ah pawh hian a senior apiang kha an han kaisang hmasa ngawt phawt mai a. A hnuai lama mi kha chu eng ang pawhin felin a hnathawhna-ah efficient mah se a hotu ber kha a pension hma loh chuan a nghah ngar ngar a tul thin. He system avanga thalai naupang zawkte talent kan hup bo hi engzat nge ni tawh ang? A man hi chhut dawn ila a tam viau ka ring a ni.

Tin, aia upate zah kan sawi ruala chumi tiat rual zawhna lo chhuak chu ‘Upate hi zah tlâk an ni em?’ tih hi a ni. Naupang zâwkte hnen atanga zah kan phût chuan anni pawhin zah kan phû leh phû loh an zawh ve hi a thiang a ni.

3. Khawtlang Nun Hrim Hrim

Hmanlai khawtlang nun hrim hrim kha ngaihtuah chian chuan a chhuanawm lem loh khawp mai. Leihkapui tlang atanga thenawmte hauh vak vak an uar hle. Hei hi chu kei pawhin ka hmu hman a ni. Mi bang chhak lam vawm mai mai te, mi-anglo chhaih duhdah te, tlangvalin mi arbawm lum bo mai mai te a tam khawp mai. Mipa naupangin insual an hrât hle bawk. Aia upaten naupang zawkte chotuahin an insualtir a. An chotuaha insual ngam lote chu anmahni’n an velh loh pawhin an tiduhdah hle. Huaisen an ngaisang a, an hlau bawk a, chuvangin huaisen ve lo tan chuan hmanlai Mizo khawtlang nun kha a hrehawm hle awm e. Tin, mipa naupang zingah vêng leh vêng insual leh intihbuai a tam khawp mai.

Tlângval thikthu a chhe hle bawk. Mi vêng tlangvalten an vêng nula rawn rim se an thik a. Lo tihbuai dan an ngaihtuah a. Velh lo tum hialte pawh an awm thin. Mi thenkhat chuan an huat zawng deuhte kha khawhring neiah an puh a, an buai an buai phah bawk. Tin, hlauh an ngah a, chu chuan an nun a tichêp em em bawk.

Aizawl pawh hi tunhma chuan zanah khawlâi lenchhuah that ngam a ni lo. Tlangvalin insual an hrât a. Mi kawng kal mai mai lo cho an hrât hle. Sunday chawhnu-ah phei chuan vêng tinah insual en tur a awm emaw tihtur a ni. Mihring singnga vel lek an awm lâi âiin nuaihthum vel an awm hnu hian Aizawl khawlai a ralmuang zâwk a, nun hrim hrim pawh a zalên zâwk bawk.

Khawvel hmun dang kan thlir pawhin hmanlai khawpui nun hrehawmzia leh mi sual tamzia chu sawiin a siak lo.  A Night Out In Ancient Rome tih article, Mary Beard ziak, BBC Knowlegde, February 2013, p.79-83 kha chhiar ila hmanlai Rome khawpui tawpzia leh sualzia chu a hriat mai; tunlai Rome khawpui chu zia-awm tak a ni.

Hmanlai khualzin mite him lohzia an sawina-ah India ram khualzin hmun thuma thena hmun hnih chuan kalkawngah suam leh rawk an tâwk thin niin an sawi. Hei hi a bikin thugees-ho hrân zual lai kum zabi 18-na tâwp lam kha a ni. Thenkhat sawi dan phei chuan kum 1740-1840 inkar khan Thugees-ten mi maktaduaih khat zet an that a. An zinga pakhat Behram-a ringawt pawhin mi 931 thatin a insawi (a mi thah zat hi a sawi danglam fo tih erawh hre tel ila). China ramah pawh suamhmang tâwk lovin mêl nga (?)bâk a kal theih loh an ti thin.

Tunhma lama suamhmang tamzia kha râpthlak tak a ni. England ramah chuan hetianga khualzin lo suam thinte hi highwaymen an ti a. Australia ramah bushranger an ti a, Europe khawchhak lamah betyar an ti thung. America khawthlang lamah chuan road agent an ti. Heng suamhmangho hian khawpui atanga hla deuh hlek kawngpui reh laia khualzin kal velte chu ralthuam hmanga lo tidingin an suam a. Thah mai mai chang pawh an nei bawk. Heng suamhmangte hi kum zabi 17-na atanga kum zabi 19-na tawp lam thleng khan an hluar hle a ni.

Suamhmang thenkhat phei chu an lar hle a, kan chawimawiin kan ngaisang lek lek zawk a ni. Mizo zingah phei chuan Robin Hood-a kha a lar hle. Khualzin vâk vel a tihraltit dan leh a ninawm dan tur lam âi mahin a ngaihsanawmna lam kan thlûk zâwk awm e. Mi hausa rawkin chung atanga a sum hmuh chu mi rethei hnenah a sem kual thin niin kan hria a, kan ngaisâng ni te pawhin a lang.

Robin Hood-a lo pawh suamhmang lar tak tak, mi ngaihsan hlawh lek lek zâwk an tam mai. Claude Du Vall te  , John (William) "Swift Nick" Nevison te, Dick Turpin te, Jerry Abershaw te, Richard "Galloping Dick" Ferguson te, James MacLaine te, William Plunkett te leh Captain Gallagher te hi mipa zinga lar pâwl an ni.

Hmeichheho pawh an duai bik lo. England ramah chuan mipa anga inchei Mary Frith leh Lady Caroline Ferrers te hi hmeichhia ni si, suamhmang lar tak an ni. Mary Frith chu kum 1584 bawr vela piang a ni a. A pa chu Aldersgate Street, St Paul’s Cathedral bul lawk London-a awm, pheikhawk siam a ni. Mary hi a naupan lâi atanga naupang luhlul leh chiau hiar tak a ni a. Mipa anga incheiin mipa awm dan angin a awm mai a. Zu dâwrah zû a in a, mei a zu a, chemsei a pâi ruang bawk a. An vêng kawnga lo kalho thil rûksak a ching hle bawk. Chung lai vela rawn kalte mit la deuh tur mi a ruai a, an en hlanin an kawnghrena an pawisa ahna savun ip chu lo zaithlersakin a rawk ta thin a ni. Hei vang hian a hmingah pawh ‘Moll Cutpurse’ an vuah hial a ni. Amah ertute avangin an man fo va, a buai pawh a buai zing hle.

Mary bâkah kum 1662-a piang hian Catherine Ferrers-i pawh suamhmang lar tak a ni. Zânah a che tlângpui a. Mipa anga incheiin khualzin a suam thin. Maud Merton-i pawh sawi ve hat kâi khawpa khualzin suam thin an ni bawk. A pasal Joseph Burton, ‘Daring Joe’ an tih nen mi an suam thin a. Mahse a pasal nena an thawh dun hnu hian an tluang ta lo va. Joe huaisena an tih chu an khaihlum a ni.

America lam leh Australia lam pawh thlir ila suamhmang chanchin ngaihnawm tak tak sawi tur a tam khawp mai. Chuvangin khawtlang nun ralmuanna kawngah hian tunhma âiin tunlai hian kan thla a muang zâwk a, khualzinte pawh kan him zawk daih a ni.

4. Ralmuang leh Muang Lo

Tunlai mite kan thlamuan tawhzia leh râl hlauh tur kan hriat tawh lohzia ngaihtuah reng reng lovin Pathian thusawitu thenkhat chuan tunlaia indona a tamzia leh a râlmuan lohzia hi an sawi thin. Mizo history kan chhiar chuan kum 1800-1900 inkâr kum za chhûng khan an indo zingin an inthat nasa hle tih kan hre thei.

A lar deuh chin han sawi thuak thuak ila.

i.                    Lallula’n Thlanrâwn Pawih a râwt, a hnu lawkah Râlteho a rûn leh a, a that chiam.

ii.                  Lalsavunga leh a laichinten Riangtlei khua rûnin mi an that tam hle.

iii.                Lalsavunga leh Lallianvunga ten Lungmâwiah Pawih lal Thanhlianga Zadêng rûn haw lam an lo râwt mang deuhthaw.

iv.               Lallula thlahte leh Zadêng an indo.

v.                 Rolûra thlahte leh Palianho an indo.

vi.               Lallula thlahte leh Thangluah-ho an indo bawk.

vii.             Lallianvunga Fapa Ngura chuan Mangchini nu an rûn a, ina an awm khawm chu an halkhung a, mi tlêm tê chauh an tlanchhuak thei.

viii.           Lalsavunga, Aizawl chuan Siakzapauva a rûn.

ix.                Lalsavunga fapa Vanhnuailianan Hmârho a do.

x.                  Chhim leh Hmar indo (1856 vel). He indona-ah hian Hmâr lamin Vanchêng an rûn a, chhim lamin Hmuntha an rûn ve a. Chhim lam bawkin Sialhmur leh Arte khua an rûn a. Hmar lamin Khawnglung an rûn thung.

xi.                Fanâiho leh Rolura thlahte an indo.

xii.              Vandulan Thlantlang a do.

xiii.            Vûta leh Fanai hovin Zahau an do.

xiv.           Sukteho leh Mizo an indo. He indona-ah hian Khuanglêng te, Diltlang te, Ngâwn te hi an rûn a, mi tamtak an that. Lalruma hovin Sukte lal Thuamthawnga an rûn bawk. Lampho te, Champhai te, Ngâwn te,Lungsum te an rûn bawk a ni.

xv.             Chhak leh Thlang Indo: He indona-ah hian Hmuizawl te, Muthi te, Buallawn te, Dârlawng te, Lalhleia khua te rûn an ni a. Mi tam tak inthatin salah an inhruai bo teuh bawk.

A chunga kan sawite bâkah pawh hian Nikuala Pawi do thu te, Hmar do thu te,

Thuangluah rûn thute sawi tur a la awm. Tuikukho leh Cachar phâi an rûnte phei chu kan la sawi lo zâwk a ni. Sailo lal hmingthang Vanhnuailiana ringawt pawh khan Tuikukho a run fo mai. Hêng bâkah pawh hian Vailian vawikhatna leh vawihnihna khan a tibuaiin a timangang fê bawk a. Kum 1854 hma lam kum 17 chhung leka hriat phak china Mizohovin Takam leh Magh-ho an run zat chhiar theih chin chu vawi 19 zet niin Lalhruaitluanga Raltê chuan a lehkhabu Thangliana tih phêk 45-naah a ziak a. Lalhruaitluanga vêk hian Alexander Mackenzie ICS, Secretary of Bengal lo ni tawh lehkhabu ziah pakhat History of the Relations of the Government with the Hill Tribes of North East Frontier of Bengal tih ami chu tihian a sawi chhawng a: “Kum 1861 chhung zawng kha chu chhak lam ramri hrula kan mi leh sate chu thinthiin an mu ngai lo….kan police leh sipaite chuan heng tlangmite hi an dang zo lo.” (Thangliana, p.47).

Heng thil han hriat hian kan pi leh pute nun kha a ralmuang lo em em a ni tih chu a lang reng mai. Kan la sawi kim lo zâwk lehnghal. Hetia an indo bâkah hian rawlrâla che an awm reng bawk a. Mi feh kal laite hi an lo bei thut a, an lû an la a, an hawpui vang vang a, an khaw lamah chuan pasaltha tiin an lo ngaisâng em em si. Mizo nula hmeltha hmingthang Chhingpuii feh tur pawh kalkawngah an lo chang a, a nunna zuah tura a ngen lawm lawm chung pawhin a lu an laksak a, a lu laksaktute chuan ropui takin an khaw lamah an râllu lâk chu an lawm hmiah mai a ni. Chutiang bawkin Mizo pa chak hmingthang Saizahawla pawhin mi hnathawk tha hle hle lai lû a va tansak a, lawm takin a hawn hmiah mai bawk. A tuartute lam an ngaihtuah lo.

Hengte avang hian mi thenkhatin tunlai hian indo thu leh indo thuthangte hi tam em em a, hmanlai kha ralmuang em em zâwk anga an sawi hi a dik chiah lo tih a lang thei a ni. Tunlai hian kan ralmuang em em zâwk a, indo pawh a hlauhawm hek lo.

Tin, tunlai hian ralthuam siam nan sawrkarte hi insêngso viau a, ralthuam tuak tlut tlut angin kan sawi a. Hmanlai chuan ralthuamte pawh tuak ve mang lo ang deuhthaw te pawhin kan sawi lek lek bawk. Mahse a ni lo. Entirnan India rama Mughal lal lai khan Akbar-a chuan a ram chhung mihring zat chhinchhiah turin thu a pe a. A chhinchhiah zât erawh chu hriat chian a ni ta lo. Mi thiam thenkhatin an chhut dan chuan kum zabi 16-na tawp lamah khan India hmar lamah mihring maktaduaih 30 atanga 40 chu awm ngeiin an hria a. India chhim lamah chuan hetiang lama mi thiam Moreland-a te chuan maktaduaih 30 vel ni turah an chhut a ni. Vijayanagar ram vanglai leh Deccan lalte sipai neih dan an han chhutin mi 30 zelah sipai pakhat awm se mihring maktaduaih 30 vel ni turah an ngai bawk. Akbar-a hun lai vel khan India ram pum puiah mihring maktaduaih 100 chu awm ngei turah an ngai a. A dik chiah hriat theih ni lo mah se dik thawkhat tura ngaih chu a ni. Kum zabi 17 chhung khan maktaduaih 140-150 bawr vel ni ngeiin an ngai bawk.

Emperor Akbar (14 October 1542 – 27 October 1605) hun lai khan lei sipai 3,877,557 leh sakawr chungchuang sipai 384,758 neiin an sawi a. Shah Jahan(1628–1658) khan kum 1648 khan lei sipai (kea kal) 911,400 leh sakawr chungchuang sipai (sowar) 185,000 a nei tawh a. Hengho enkawl nan leh ram venhim nan hian dams 120,071,876, 840 a hmang nia sawi a ni bawk. Aurangzeb-a (4 November 1618 - 3 March 1707) khan sakawr chungchuang sipai 240,000 atanga 300,000 leh lei sipai pangngai 600,000 a nei bawk.Tunah hian India ramah mihring maktaduaih 1200 chuang hret kan awm a. Sipai (navy leh airforce leh reserved telin) maktaduaih 4.7 vel kan nei. A mihring tam dan zawnga chhut chuan tunlai hian kan nei tlem fê a, Mughal rorel laia an indo zinzia ngaihtuah chuan kan indo ngai lo tluk a ni bawk. Ralthuama kan senso pawh kan pawisa thawhchhuah GDP atanga teha za zela 2.4 bâwr vel hi a ni deuh ber.

Isua pian hnu AD 24-305 inkara Roman sipai neih dan chu hetiang hi a ni:

Tiberius AD 24 – 255,000

Hadrian AD 130 – 383,000

S.Severus AD 211 – 442,000

Dioletian AD 284 – 350,000

Diolecian AD 300 – 390,000

Rom sawrkar chhung zawnga sawrkar pawisa hman tamna ber chu sipaiah a ni tluan zak tiin Military Spending Patterns in History (Posted Fri, 2010-02-05 15:06) –ah chuan Jari Eloranta, Appalachian State University chuan a sawi. Hei hi hmanlaia indo an hratzia leh mipui hmasawnna tura sawrkarin pawisa a sen tlem thinzia ngaihtuah chuan a awm viau a ni.

Han ngaihtuah chian tak tak chuan mahni hausak dan phu tawkah chuan hmanlai khan ralthuam leh indona-ah an inseng nasain mihring nun a ralmuang lo zawk daih tih hi hai der theih rual niin a lang lo.

5. Nungchate Chunga Ngilneihna

March 27, 2013 zing dâr sarih bâwr vel khan Seling atangin Thingsulthliah lam panin motor ka khalh a. Hmâwngkawn, Tlangnuam ka thlen chuan kawng thlang hnai têa hauhûk hram lauh lauh ri hi ka hre ta a. He hauhûk hi tunhmain a chanchin ka lo hre tawh a. Mihring a nêlin a nghal pawh a nghal hle a ni. Mahse khawtlângin an humhalh a, tuman tihnat enah an en lo.

Hetih lai vel bawk hian Aizawla kan inah chuan thehlei hi a rawn lût fo mai bawk a. A châng chuan a ninawm lek lek zâwk a ni. Tin, kan kawmthlang lamah chuan sava an hram bengchheng thei hle bawk a. Zingkâra an han hram tak tak phei chu a ninawm zawnga lak chuan a ninawm dâwn dâwn mai. Tin, hman lawk khan Aizawla kan thenawmte kawt kawng bul thing kawrawng hniam tê-ah chuan chinrangin bu a chhep a, note pawh a nei nual. Naupangho chuan an ban phâk renga sava no rawn dâk hiang hiang chu an en laih laih thin a. Tuman tihnat an tum lo. Hmanlai naupangte zawng ni se a tui kha a keu pawh a keu hman lo vang; a hmu hmasa sain an hmet keh ang tih a hriat reng mai.

Heng thil ka han sawi kâwi hmasak duah duh nachhan chu rannung chunga tunlai naupangte fel tawhzia ka sawi duh vang a ni. Kan naupan lâi chuan sava-bu kan zawng a, a notê kan khawi a, kan sawisa bawk a. Zing leh tlaiah sava kan veh a. Sava veh pahin nungcha dang kan hmuh apiang tihhlum kan tum a. A che thei zeuh tawh apiang kha chu kan vaihma vek a ni ber e. Tunah erawh chuan nungcha humhalh tulzia hriaa pawl din meuhte pawh an awm ta nuk mai. ASEP tih te, Animal Rights pawl te leh pawl dang dang an lo chhuak ta zel a. Chuvangin rannung chunga ngilneihna chungchangah te hian hmanlai âi chuan tunlai mi hi kan fel zâwk daih a ni.

6. Hmeichhiat Mipatna Kawngah

The Telegraph (London) chanchinbu, 28-3-2013 chhuakah chuan khawvel awm hnua a vawikhat nan Britain rama hmeichhe pasal neih hun chawhrual chu kum 2009 khan kum 30 a nih thu a chuang a. Mipa nuipui neih hun chawhrual chu kum 32 leh thla khat a ni. Kum 1981-a hmeichhe pasal neih kum chawhrual chu kum 23.1 a nih laiin 1991-ah chuan kum 25.5-ah a chho dawrh a. Kum 2009 a lo thlen meuh chuan kum 30 a tling chho ta a nih chu! Mumal taka innei an chhinchhiah hmasak ber kum 1895 aiin kum 2009-ah innei an tlêm zâwk bawk. 

India ram lo en ve ila. WHO leh Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in India- 2011 report-in a tarlan danin hetiang hi India rama hmeichhia leh mipa inneih upat dan kum chawhrual chu a ni.

Kum	Mipa	Hmeichhia
1971	22.7	17.7
1981	23.4	18.7
1991	24.0	19.3
2001	24.8	20.2
2011	26	22.2

Source: www.medindia.net/health_statistics/general/marriageage.asp

A chunga statistics khi kan en chuan nupui pasal kan innei har tial tial tihna a ni a. Chu chu a tlangpuiin sex kan hmang har tial tial tihna a ni thei em? Tleirawlho zingah hmeichhiat mipatna hi hluar hlein kan sawi thin a. Mahse ngun taka ngaihtuah chuan hei hi kan inneih kum chawhrual a sân tial tial vanga tleirawl zawkte sex hmang kan hmuh naupan chhiat tial tial vang niin a lang. Hmanlai chuan nupui pasal an innei hma hle. Mahatma Gandhi khan kum 13 a nihin a aia kum khata upa (kum 14 mi) nupui a nei. Tunhma lama India rama child marriage tamzia kan hria a, teen sex kan tih hi eng chen hi nge ni ta ang? Mizo hmeichhiate pawhin tunhma chuan kum 15-16 vel lek lekah pasal an nei mai. Nu upa lam ka hmelhriat pakhat pawhin kum 16 a pumhlum hmain pasal a nei a, a vantlâng a nih thu a sawi. Mizovin sâp kan hmelhriat hmasak, Thangliana tia an koh, a hming tak Lt.Col. Thomas Herbert Lewin-a khan kum 1872 khan Mizo nula Dari chu nupuiah a nei a. An inneih hian Dari chu kum 15 mi chauh a la ni (Thangliana, illustrated pictures). Mahse Lalhruaitluanga Ralte hian Dari chu Thangliana nen an inneih khan kum 15 mi chauh nia sawi siin kum 1855-a piang, kum 1872-a Thangliana nen innei angin a sawi a. Chuvangin Dari hi Thangliana nena an inneih hian kum 17 mi ni zawkin a lang. Engpawhnise hmanlai miten nupui pasal an inneih hmazia chu a lang tho ve. Hmanlai mite khan nupui pasal an neih hmâ khan sex an lo hmang ve fo tho em? Hmanlai khan tunlai anga inzir chianna a awm lo va, hriat a har khawpin ka ring. Mahse a tlângpuia nupui pasal an inneih hmâ zâwk na na na chuan sex chu an hmang hmâ zâwk lo thei lo a ni.

Hmanlai Europe lalten nupui pasal an neih hma dan atang khan a mipui mimir pawh nupui pasal an inneih hma zia leh hmeichhiat mipatna lama an dinhmun chu a hriat viau awm e. Han sawi ta zel ila.

Rome lal hmingthang Nero-a kha AD 37-ah a piang a. Kum 16 a nih kum AD 53-ah Claudia Octavia-i nen an innei.

Augustus-a kha BC 63-ah a piang a. A nupui neih kum chiah hi hriat a ni lo. A fa neih chhun Julia Caesaris-i, BC 39 a piang kha a nupui pahnihna lak a neih a ni a. Chuvangin kum 22/23 bawr velah nupui a nei niin a lang. Julia-i hian a hun laia Rome hmeichhe naupang pasal neih hun pangngai kum 14-ah pasal kum 17 mi Marcus Claudia Marcellus-a a nei. Augustus-a aiawhtu Tiberius-a khan kum 61 mi a nihin kum 17 mi Vipsania-i a nei thung.

France lalho pawh han chhui ila an nei naupang hle. Pepin-a khan kum 19/20 bawr velah nupui a nei.

France lal hmingthang, Charlemagne-a kha AD 747-ah a piang a. A fapa upa ber Carloman-a kha AD 773-a piang a ni a. Kum 22 bawr velah nupui a nei niin a lang. Dan ang taka a nupui hmasa ber Desiderata-i nen khan AD 770-ah an innei.

Louis the Pious kha kum 778-a piang a ni a. Kum 16 a nihin a nupui hmasa ber Ermengarde-i nen an innei.

Norfork countess pariatna Anne de Mowbray-i pawh kha Shrewbury lal Richard-a nupui niin a thi a. A thih khan kum kaw mi lek a ni. Khang hun lai khan a bikin hmeichhiain pasal an nei hma hle. Nu leh pate pawhin an fate chu nupui pasal an neihtir zung zung thin. Kum zabi pahnihna, pathumna leh palina chho vela English danah chuan hmeichhia chu kum 12 an nihin pasal an nei thei a, mipa chu kum 14 an nihin nupui an nei thei. Lal chhungkaw zingah phei chuan an fate chu an nausen laiin kum an tlin veleha innei turin inhualna an siam fo va. Mahse heng inhualnate hi tihpuitlin a ni lo fo thung.

Kum (AD)1396 khan Richard II, kum 29 mi chuan a nupui pahnihna atan kum ruk mi lek Isabella (Valois khuaa mi) chu a nei a. Richard II thih hma kum li chhung an innei hman. Awih a harsa lam hret a ni; mahse an innei ve miau si. Hmanlai lalte nupui pasal inneih hma dan chu a ngaihnawm ve mai mai bawk a, sawi zawm zel teh ang.

-Henry VIII, kum 49 mi chuan kum 16 mi Catherine Howard-i a nei.
-Lady Jane Grey kha pasal a neih khan kum 15 mi vel a ni a. A pasal chu kum 16 emaw, 17 emaw a ni thung.
-King James I, kum 23 mi chuan Denmark lal fanu Anne-i, kum 14 mi nupuiah a nei bawk.
-Charles I, kum 25 mi chuan France nula Henrietta Marie-i, kum 13 mi a nei.
-William III leh Mary II te kha an inneih khan Mary chu kum 15 niin a pasal, a laichinpa chu kum 27 mi a ni thung.
-Richard III chuan kum 19 a nihin kum 16 mi Anne Neville-i a nei.
-Henry VI, kum 23 mi chuan Margaret of Anjou kum 15 mi a nei bawk.
-Henry IV, chu a nupui hmasa ber Mary de Bohun, kum 12 mi a neih khan kum 14 mi chauh a ni.
-Richard II, pawh kha Bohemia lal fanu Anne-i a neih khan kum 14 mi chauh a la ni a. Anne-i pawh hi kum 15 chauh a la ni.
-Edward II leh Philippa of Hainault te an inneih khan kum 13 mi ve ve an ni.

-France Revolution laia an lalnu Marie Antoinette-i kha April 1770-a a pasal Louis XVI nen an inneih khan kum 15 chauh a ni a. Louis XVI pawh hi kum 16 chauh a ni.

India rama Mughal lalte nupui neih dan kha han thlir ve thung ila.

Akbar-a chuan kum 20 a nihin nupui a nei a.

-Jehangir-a pawhin kum 20 a nihin nupui a nei a. Jehangir-a hi hmeichhe duh lutuka sawi a ni a. A nupui a dahna in harem-ah chuan a nupui zariat zet an awm nia sawi a ni. Solomon-a ai khan nupui chu a ngah zawk daih mai. Jehangir-a fapa Shah Jahan-a chuan kum 15 a nihin kum 14 mi Arjumand Banu Begum-i (Mumtaz Mahal) chu nupui atan a hual a. Mahse Mumtaz Mahal-i nen an inneih hma hian Hindu lal fanu pakhat nupuiah a nei tih hriat a ni a. Ani nen hian fa pahnih an nei a. Mahse an inneih kum hi hriat a ni chiah lo; kum 17 emaw, 18 emaw a nih lai vela a neih a ni. Kum 20 mi a nihin Arjumand Banu Begum-i (Mumtaz Mahal) chu kum nga an inhual hnu-ah a nei a. Mumtaz-i nen hian fa 14 an nei a. Pasarih chauh an dam puitling thung. Mumtaz-i chu kum 40 mi chauh niin raichehin a thi.

-Aurangzeb-an kum 19 a nihin kum 15 mi Dilras Banu-i chu nupuiah a nei a. Fa panga an nei. Dilras-i hi kum 35 mi lek niin kum 1657 khan a thi. Aurangzeb-a fapa Muhammad Azam-a khan kum 16 a nihin Sahanzeb Banu Begum-i a nei a. Kum 1861 khan nuipui dang Shahar Banu Begum-i, kum 18 mi chu nupuiah a nei leh bawk. Muhammad Azam-a, Shah Alam I fapa Farrukhsiyar chuan kum 1715 khan kum 20 mi Nawab Fakhr-un-Nisa Begum Sahiba-i,  Kashmiri mi hausa Mir Muhammad Taqi Husaini fanu chu nupuiah a nei a. Hemi kum vêk September thla hian Indira Kanwar, Maharaja Ajit Singh of Jodhpur fanu chu a nei bawk. Kum 20 a nih kumin nupui pahnih a nei tihna a nih chu.

A chunga mite ang khian tunlai roreltute hian an fate nupui-pasal an neihtir ngam ang em? A chhanna chu a chiang nghal viau mai.

Tunlai lalte chanchin i han thlir ve thung teh ang.

- Kum 2011 khan British lal tupa Prince William-a chuan nupui a nei a. An pahnih hian kum 29 mi ve ve an ni. A hmeichhia hi thla nga velin a upa zawk lehnghal. Tunlai mite chu kan innei tlai tawh hle. A hnuaiah hian tun kum zabi 21-na tir lama la dam Europe lalchhungkaw zinga nupui pasal nei tawhte an nupui pasal neih laia an kum zat tihlan a ni a. Hmanlai nen chuan inthlau tak a ni.

- British lal fapa Prince Charles-a khan kum 32 a nihin kum 20 mi Diana nupuiah a nei.

- Sweeden lal fanu Princess Victoria-i kha pasal a neih dawn khan thla thum chauhin kum 33 a pumhlum lo. A pasal Olof Daniel Westling chu kum 37 mi a ni.

- Prince Andrew, British lal fapa kha nupui a neihin khan kum 26 a ni. A nupui Sarah Fergusion-i kha kum 27 mi a ni thung.

- Prince Edward-an kum 1999 June 19 khan kum 35 mi niin nula senior kum 35 mi tho  Sophie Rhys Jones-i a nei.

- Spain lal fapa Prince Philipe-a chu kum 2004-a nupui a neih khan kum 36 mi niin a nupui kha kum 31 mi a ni a. A farnu Elena-i leh Cristina-i te kha pasal an neihin kum 32 an ni ve ve.

- Monaco lal fapa Prince Albert-a khu kum 55 mi niin tlangval hnahkhat a la ni.

- Belgium lal Albert-a khu kum 80 dawn lai a ni tawh a. Nupui a neih khan kum 25 mi a ni tawh a. A hunlai chuan nupui neih hun thawkhat ve taka ngaih a ni.

- Denmark lalnu Queen Margarethe kha kum 1967-a pasal a neih khan kum 27 mi a ni tawh a. A fapa, a aiawhtu tur Frederick-a chuan kum 36 a nihin Australian nula senior kum 31 mi  Mary Elizabeth Donaldson-i chu nupuiah a nei.

- Netherlands ram lal Willem Alexander-a chuan kum 2002 khan kum 35 mi niin kum 31 mi Maxima Zorrequieta-i a nei.

- Tuna Norway lal Harald V khuan kum 1968 khan kum 31 mi niin kum 31 mi ve tho Sonja Harldsen-i a nei.

- Sweeden lal Carl XVI Gustal-a khuan kum 30 a nihin kum 1976 khan amah aia kum thuma upa, kum 33 mi Silva Renate Sommerlath-i a nei bawk.

- Japan Crown Prince Naruhito khian 1993 khan kum 33 mi niin nupui a nei a. A nupui Masako Owada-i pawh kha nula senior kum 29 mi a ni.

- Kan thenawm Bhutan lal Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuek-a sawn kum 2011 khan kum 31 niin kum 21 mi Jetsun Pema a nei.

A chunga mi khi han en ila a ngaihdan tawk chu kan thiam mai awm e. Hmanlai mite kha hmeichhiat mipatna lamah chuan tunlai ai hian an inhmang hmasa zawk tlangpui tih a lang chiang hle a ni.

Hmanlaiin Juda-ho chuan kum 13 tling chin chu nupui pasal nei theiah an ngai a, a neih pawh an inneihtir mai; sex an hman hmâ dan tur chu a lang reng. Han chhiar zau deuh phei chuan awihawm loh rum rum tak a ni. Kum zabi pahnihna laia Juda puithiam hmingthang, an Kabbalah siamtu Rabbi Simeon ben Yohai-a phei kha chuan hmeichhe nausen kum thum tling lo sual/mutpui (pedophilia) kha a phalsak hmiah mai. “Hmeichhe naupang kum thum leh ni khat tling chin chu puithiam a neih phalsak a ni,” a ti. He a thusawi hi a hnu zela puithiamte pawhin  Juda dan ding lai (binding Jewish law)-ah an ngai a ni. Yohai-a hi dem ahnekin tunlai Juda kulmukho chuan a khua Meron-ah kum tin a hriat rengna hun hmangin an la chawimawi ziah a nghe nghe asin.

Pharisai-ho pawh khan hmeichhe naupang mutpui hi thil nihphung naran ni lovin Pathian lehkhathu nen pawha inremah an pawm niin a lang. Farisaiho thil duhtuizia leh an inhnial nasatzia kan hria a. Khangho kha thil pakhat hmeichhe naupang kum thum mi lek mutpui chungchangah chuan an inthurual tlat mai a. Hemi chungchang hi a sawi pawh an sawi chhuak khat hle niin a lang. Talmud-in hmeichhe naupang mutpui a phal thu hi a chiang em em chungin sawisel a kai khat hle a. Kum 1936-a Soncino edition an lehlin pawh khan footnote-ah chuan sawisel chuang lovin “Engpawhnise hmanlai chuan tunlai ai hian an innei hma zawk,” an ti duh lek a ni. Chu mai a la ni lo cheu, Talmud chuan mipa naupang kum kaw mi lek khawih pawh a phal tlat asin.

Hmanlai Grik mite chuan hmeichhia chu a hma thei ang bera pasal nei turin an duh a. Mipa pawh kum 18 an tlin hmaa nupui nei tura beisei an ni. Hmanlai Rome ramah pawh hmeichhia chu kum 12 an tlin chuan pasal nei theia ngaih an ni a. Mipa chu kum 14 an nihin nupui nei theia ngaih an ni. Kum 2007 khan khawvel pum puia sex survey an neihna-ah miin sex an hman hmasak ber (an thianghlimna an hloh kum) laia an upat dan chawhrual chu kum 19.25 a ni a. Asia khawmualpuiah kum 22 a ni a. Khawthlang ramah kum 18 a ni thung. Hmanlai mite ai chuan tunlai mite hi an thianghlim (virgin) rei zawk ngeiin a rinawm.

Hmanlai Mizo chanchin kan chhiar chuan tlangvalin nula ngaih phêt an tum thin tih kan hria a. Hei hi a mâwi zawnga sawiin thenkhat chuan kût ni vangthla emaw, khuangchawi nikhuaa nula leh tlangval zaikhawmnaa tlangvalin nula an chawi (malchunga pawm) sawina emaw a ni an ti a. A dik pawh a dik ta ve ang. Mahse Mizo tlangvalte insawitheihna chu nula ngaih tam hi a ni ve hrim hrim mai. Nula zen leh nula sual a lar hle. Mikhual nulate phei chu an chhuah mang mang lo an tifiamthu thin. Tlangvalin nula duh lo chung pawh lo ngâi se ‘ka nula’ tiin a duh duh huna mutpui a tum zui tawh thin. Mi nu lawithlem (an pasal te awm loh hlana lo mutpui) sawi tur a awm fo bawk. Tin, nupui nei tawh la pavalai deuhte pawhin nula ngaih phêt an tum a. Chuvangin hmanlai chuan paho zingah ‘fa bik’ nei an tam khawp mai.

Rev. Liangkhaia chuan heti hian hmanlai Mizo chanchin a sawi: “Inngaih te, uire te, zahmawh sawi te, inhauh te, inkhin te a tam. Upaho fiamthu tam ber chu zahmawh a ni. Tlangvalin nula ngaih an tum lui ngawt thin. Tlâng hrâi zâwn te pawh a tam a, sawi ngam loh khawp pawh a tam a ni.” Mizo Chanchin, p. 138.

Hmeichhiat mipat chungchangah tunlai mite hi an bawlhhlawh a nih pawhin tunhma lama mite khan fak an phû chuang lo. Sâpram hmanlai chanchin kan chhiar pawhin hmeichhiat mipatna lama an bawlhhlawhzia kan chhiar tel fo. Hmanlai Europe ram hrang hrang lal chhungkaw zinga hmeichhiat mipatna an hman khaw loh ang khân tunlaia an ram hruaitute khuan hmang ve dâwn se mipuiin an paihthla (vote hmangin) rang ngawt ang. Mipui thlan loh an lal chhungkuate (royal family) pawh khu hmanlai kum zabi 18-na leh a hma lama an lal chhungkawho bawlhhlawhzia ngaihtuah chuan an thianghlimin an fel tawh zâwk hle a ni.

Ngaihnawm ve mai maiah thil tul lem lo sawi zawm lawk teh ang. Khawthlang lam chanchin hlir khu kan sawi a, kan lo chhuahna China ram lama sex chungchang khi sawi ila, sâpho âi chuan kan hnaih zawk bawka a tha awm e.

Hmanlâi tawngkam pakhat chu, ‘Chaw ei leh sex hi mihring pianpui a ni a, kham khawp ei tur i neih a, silhfen i neih bawk chuan a bâk chu sex a ni mai,’ tih a ni. Hmanlai China paho chuan an nupuite chu vanneihna nia ngaiin mikhual bulah an muttir thin. Marco Polo pawh khan China rama a zin chanchin a report-naah khualbûk neitu pakhat chanchin a ziak a. Chu pa chuan a nupui chu an mikhualte lo mutpui zel turin a ti a. A mikhualte chuan an mutpui zel mai a ni a ti.

An lalte phei chuan hmei sang tam tak an nei thin; hmei neih tam chu dam reina niin an hre tlat. Thawnthua China mi zawng zawng thlahtua an sawi Yellow Emperor phei kha chu nula thianghlim sangkhat mutpuiin an sawi.

Sui lal hnuhnung ber Sui Yang To (AD 581-618) khan a pa leh a û (mipa) a thah hnu-ah lalthutthleng a luah a. Nupui (queen) pakhat, deputy queen pahnih, nupui anga a en paruk, hmeichhe dang 72 leh lal ina a rawngbawltu hmeichhe dang 3,000 a la nei a. Mahse heng hmeichhiate hi a la duh tawk lo. ‘Virgin wheelchair’ an tih chu a nei a. Chutah chuan nula thianghlim an man chu an thuttir a. Chu veleh a kut leh ke chu an phuar kâk a, lalber chuan a duhtawka inhrikthlâk nan a hmang ta thin a ni. Lal dang chanchin pawh ngaihnawm tak a ni. Tin, mipa chauh an tenawm lo. Kum zabi 14-naa an lal fanu Shan-Yin (Sung-ho lal lai) pawh khan a bika siam khum a nei a. Chutah chuan a rualin mipa sawmthum zet a mutpui thin an tih chu!

Kum zabi pasarihnaa an lalnu Empress Wu Ze Tian pawh kha a tir chuan puithiam a ni a, chutah mi hmei a ni leh a. Lalnu a lo nih khan pasal a ngah bawk a, a pasalte chu in hran a saksak tawp bawk.

Sawitur a tam a, mahse tenawm lamte pawh a kai dâwn dâwn a, duhtâwk ila a tha awm e. Europe lam pawh hawi ila heng ai hian a thianghlim chuang lo. Chuvangin hmanlai lalte leh tunlai lalte chu infel hleih tak leh inthianghlim hleih tak an ni ringawt. Tawngka lama ‘tunlai mi kan sual’ tih ngawt hi a ni lo. Russia lalnu Catherine-i te anga hmeichhiat mipatna kawnga bawlhhlawh kha tunlai lalte zingah chuan sawi tur an vang tawh hle a ni. India Prime Minister leh minister te hian hmei nei fer fur se an lal rei ang em? Teuh lo mai. Hmanlai ang kha a ni tawh lo. A diktak chuan kum zabi 20-naa dictator sual ber bera kan ngaih, entirnan Hitler-a te, Joseph Stalin-a te, Mussolini te pawh kha hmeichhiat mipatna kawngah chuan, thil danga an nunrâwn tehreng nen, chuti tehchiamin sawi zu kai hauh lova mawle! North Korea hruaitu Kim Doo Sung-a te inthlahchhawng pawh khi kawng dangah chuan sualin an mi leh sate tirethei viau mah se hmeichhiat mipatna kawngah chuti tehchiama sawisel an hlawh tlat lo. ‘An tha, an thianghlim e,’ tihna ni lovin hmanlai lalte ngaihtuahin sawi an kai lo tihna a ni.

7. Mikhual Chunga Thatchhuah Kawngah

Retheih vang leh ei leh in lama harsat luat vang ni maw? Hmanlai chuan mikhual thlen in hnawng sawi tur an tam hle. A bikin Aizawl leh Aizawl kal tura paltlang ngai khuaten rel an phur nasa deuh. Ka pate rual titi ka hriat dan chuan Aizawl miin thingtlang mikhual an thleng hreh thei hle. Thingtlang atangin an eitur buhfai an intum chawp vek a. An thlen inte chuan an bula chaw ei ve-ah pawh an duh lo. A neitute ei kham vek hnu-ah mikhual chuan a hranin eirawng an bâwl a, a hranin an ei thin. Chu chu tunhma lama Mizo leh Mizo kan inmikhual dan a ni fo. Thingtlang paho titi ka ngaihthlâknaa pa pakhat sawi dan chuan Aizawla an thlen inte chuan chawhmeh hi an kang hmui chum chum thin a. An mikhualte chu an pe ve phal si lo; thingtlang lam atanga kal mikhual râwp tak tak tân chuan a itawm thei viau a ni awm e. Chu chu an thlen in hmuh chhun a ni. Midang phei chuan a thlen pawh an thleng duh lo. Ei leh in harsat vang ringawt ni theiin a lang lo. Tunlaia mi vantlangin kan mikhualte kan duatzia nen chuan inang lo tak a ni.           

8. Hriselna Kawngah

Thâwka phita tunlai mi kan hrisel lo, natna a tam titute hian an hre chiang lo a ni. Natnate hi tam viauin kan hria a ni thei e; hmanlai aiin a tlêm zâwk asin. Hripuite hi a va lêng khât tawh em! Hmanlai hripui râpthlâk tak tak ang kha Pathian zârah kan tuar ngai ta lo. Zawnghri leh zeng natna phei chu India ram atangin kan hnawt bo daih tawh asin. Hmanlaia Hripui hlauhawm deuh deuh, mi nunna suattute chu:

A.Zawnghri - Smallpox (430 BC? - 1979):

Kum zabi 18-na chhung khan zawnghri hian Europe-ah ringawt mihring maktaduaih 60 a suat a ni. Heng zingah hian lal panga an tel. America rama Indian hnamten an tuar nasa ber awm e. Mihring za zela 90-95 laiin an thih phah a, hnam thenkhat phei chu an mang thak nia hriat a ni. Hei hi tunhmaa he natna an tawrh ve ngai loh vang leh an taksain a la hmelhriat ve loh lutuk vang niin an hria.

Mexico-ah Aztec-ho chu Cortez-a lakah an hel phut mai a. Aztec-ho chu an tam zâwk avangin Cortez-a te chu an tlanchhe ta a. An indona-ah hian zawnghri vei lâi Spanish sipai pakhat chu a thi a. Chu natna râpthlâk tak mai chu Aztec-ho chuan an kâi ta a. Indo zawha a va kir leh chuan Aztec sipaiho chu an lal chawpin zawnghri avangin an lo thi mang deuh vek tih leh a mipui za zela 25 lai an thi tihte a va hmu ta a. Awlsam takin Aztec-ho chu a hneh a. Tenochtitlán khu a va luh chuan indonaa thi aiin zawnghri avanga thi an tam zâwk tih a va hmu a ni.

Kum zabi 20-na chhung khan zawnghri avangin mi maktaduaih 300–500 vel thiin an hria a. Kum 1967 khan mi maktaduaih 15-in an vei a, maktaduaih hnihin an thih phah niin WHO chuan a chhut a ni. Mahse tunah chuan he natna hi khawvelah hmuh tur a awm tawh lo. Khawvel atanga mihringin natna hri paih bo hmasak ber a ni.

B.Spanish Flu (1918 - 1919):
            Indopui pakhatna zawh hlim khân khawvel pum puiah influenza hripui a lêng a, mi maktaduaih 25-50 velin an thih phah a ni. USA-ah ringawt mi 650,000 an thi a. Russia-ah mi 450,000, Italy 375,000, Britain 228,000, Mexico 500,000, Canada 44,000.  Asia khawmualpui leh Africa khawmualpuia thi zâtte phei chu chhiarsen an ni lo. Mizoramah pawh he hri hi a lêng nasa em em a. In za nufa khua-ah mi 100-120 te an thi a. Hriangtuiêk-ah phei chuan mi 380 lai an thi a ni (Mizo Chanchin, Rev.Liangkhaia, p.165). 

C.Black Death (1340 - 1771):

He thihna hripui, Black Death an tih avang hian mihring maktaduaih 75 zet an thi a nih chu! Kum 1340 tâwp lam khan Central Asia atangin a rawn intan a. Europe mihring maktaduaih sawmhnih zet a suat a. Chu chu a ram pum mihring hmun thuma thena hmun khat ang vel a ni. A nat dan chu sawi chipchiar lo mai ila. He hripui hi kum 1700 hma lam khan a khât tawkin a lêng reng a, an retheih phahin nun a tihrehawm em em mai a ni. Kum 1603-a a rawn lên leh phei chuan London-ah ringawt pawh mi 38,000 an thi a ni. London lovah pawh tihian a thleng: Italian Plague of 1629-1631, the Great Plague of Seville (1647-1652), the Great Plague of London (1665–1666), the Great Plague of Vienna (1679).

Kum 1720-22 inkâra the Great Plague of Marseille an tih leh heng hun laia thova Moscow-a a lên hnu hian a reh hlen ta nia hriat a ni.  Kum zabi 14-naa hripui lêng hian Europe mihring nun dan a sawi nghing nasa hle. Roman Catholic kohhran pawhin a tuar nasa. Tin, Juda mi te, ram dang mi te, kutdawh leh phâr natna veiten tihduhdahna an tuar nasa hle. Thi thut theia mi tin an nun avangin mipui rilru-ah a tlachawpa nun mai mai duhna a hring bawk.   

D.Malaria (1600 - today):

He natna hi mi maktaduaih 400-900 velin kum tin an kai a, maktaduaih hnihin an thih phah ziah a ni. Chu chu minute khata mi pahnih zel thi ang a nih chu. Tunah hian thih phah la tam hlein lang mah se damdawi hmuhchhuah hmâ kum zabi 19-na laihawl leh a hma lam phei kha chuan thih phah nasa lehzual tak an ni.

E.AIDS (1981 - today):
       He natna hri hi kum 1981 atang khan mi maktaduaih 25 zetin an thih phah tawh a ni. Hei hi chu kan hre lar bawka sawi thui lo mai ila.

F.Cholera (1817 - today):
Tuihri avanga thi hi maktaduaih eng zat chiah nge hriat a harsa hle. A lo chhuahna chu India rama Ganges lui atangin nia hriat a ni. Kum 1817 khan Kolkata-ah a lêng vak mai a. India ram pumah a darh zel a, mi eng zatin nge thihpui hriat a ni lo. British sawrkar erawh chuan a sipai 10,000 zetin an thih phah niin a record a. Heta tanga chhut hian mipui vantlangin an tawrh dan tur chu a rin hriat theih mai awm e. Kum 1827 a lo thlen meuh chuan khawvela hripui hlauhawm berah an ngai hman hial a ni. Hetiang hi he hripui lên dan chu a ni: First: 1817-1823, Second: 1829-1851, Third: 1852-1859, Fourth: 1863-1879, Fifth: 1881-1896, Sixth: 1899-1923: Seventh: 1961- 1970, Kum 1947 thleng khan Aigupta ramah chuan mi 30,000 vei zingah mi 20,500-in an la thih phah a ni.

G.Typhus (430 BC? - today):
            He natna hming hi Grik tawng typhos atanga lo kal a ni a. Thatchhia tihna a ni. Typhus natna awm dan sawifiahna hmasa ber chu kum 1083-a Italy khaw pakhat Salerno-a a lên tum kha a ni. Peloponnesian War (430 BC) lâi khan Grik rama Athens khawpui chu a nuai chiam mai a. Reh hlen mai lovin BC 429 leh BC 427-ah a lêng nawn leh a. Thi an tam ngei mai.

Kum zabi 16 atanga 19-na thleng khan Europe-ah chuan a khât tâwkin he hripui hi a lêng fo mai. English Civil War lai te, Thirty Years War lai te leh Napolean-a vanglai te khan a lêng bawk. Kum 1812-a Napolean-an Russia a rûn tum pawh khan a sipaite zingah hmelma silaimu vanga aiin he natna avanga thi hi an tam zâwk. Kum 1816-19 khan Ireland ramah a lêng chiam a. Reh hlen lovin Ireland ramah vêk hian kum 1830-a tampui mitthi an tawrh tum khan a lêng leh chiam bawk.

America-ah chuan kum 1843 khân New Hampshire-ah a lêng a. Khawpui dang pawhin an tuar chho zut mai. Indopui pakhatna lâi khan Poland leh Russia-ah mi maktaduaih thumin an thih phah bawk. Ram hausa lama thi chauh kan hria a, ram rethei, entirnan Mizoram leh a chhehvelah hian eng zatin nge thih phah ang? Africa khawmualpui lam pawh hriat a ni lo.

            Heng natna chi hrang hrang kan thlir hian hmanlai aiin tunlai mite hi kan hrisel zâwk a, kan dam rei zâwk bawk tih a lang chiang hle.

            A chunga thil chi hrang hrang kan sawi atang khian hmanlai aiin tunlai hi a nuam zawk a, mihring kan fel zâwk a, kan hausa zâwk a, khawsak a awlsamin kan hlim zawk bawk tih a chiang em em a ni.

9. Hmanlâi Aiin Tunlai Hian Kan Sual Zawk Em?

            Tunlai mite hi hmanlai mite âia sual zâwk fê, lâk tlâk mang loh hian kan inchhuah fo mai a. Hei hi a dik bik chiah lo. Adama te nupain Eden huan an chhuahsan atang khan mihring chu an sual nghal em em ringawt niin a lang. Kaina chuan a nâu Abela chu ‘A piangthar tha bik em mai’ tih vang ringawtin an feh dunna-ah a bei thut a, a vaw hlum der mai! Tunlai hian mahni unaute Pathianin an tawngtaina a chhan bik avanga tihlum duh tur mi an vang khawp mai. Unau inhau, rui suala intipalh hi chu kan hre zauh zauh a. Chu pawh chu mi nuaihkhatah pakhat pawh an awm kher lo vang. Mahse mihring awm tirh chuan mi pali lek zinga pakhatin ama nâu ngei a that duh a nih chu! Chu pawh chu tihpalh ni lovin harh fim kar, tum rênrâwna tih a ni.

Tunlai Mizoramah chuan hetiang taka mahni unaute Pathian thu awih itsika that duh hi kan hre lo. Sawi tawh ang khan intipalh, ruih lungpuam laia intipalh hi chu an awm leh zauh thin. Harhfim kara mahni pianpui unaute itsik a, hnung lam atanga bei a, vaw hlum duh tur mi kan vang khawp mai. Pawisa hlawha vaw hlum tur pawh zawng dawn ila kan hmu kher lo vang. Mihring harh fim lâi chu sawi loh, rui let der lâi pawh hi “I nâu kha revival camp-ah a piangthar a, a tawngtaina pawh Lalpan a chhang a. Chuvangin cheng nuaihnga hlawh hian vaw hlum rawh,’ ti ila Mizo zingah ngat chuan tiduh tur an vang khawp ang. Mi sawmin lo duh ta se, chu pawh chu mihring maktaduaih khat kan ni ve a, mi nuaihkhatah pakhat zel ang chauh a ni a. Mi pali zinga pakhatin a unau a vuakhlum lâi ai chuan crime rate chu hniam tak a la ni.

Thawka phita “Kan sualnain Sodom leh Gomora sualna a khûm ta,” tih leh ringawt thin pawh hi a dik chiah lo hian ka lo hre ve mai mai thin. Sodom khaw mite chuan Lota mikhual pahnih chu lo mutpui an tum a. Patling rualin an mipatpui mutpui tumin an rawn zim tuau tuau mai a ni a. A va râpthlâk em! Tualthah pawh an pawisa lo tih an tawngkam atang hian hai rual a ni lo.

Sodom khaw paho ang ema khaw sual hi Mizoramah hian an vâng khawp mai. Bible sawi dan phei chuan, “An mut hmain khuaa mi, Sodom khaw paho, a pui a pangin vêng tina mipa zawng zawng chuan a in chu an rawn hual a,” tih a ni (Genesis 19:4).  Tlangval hawklak deuh leh inhlei deuhin mikhual nula an lo beisei nen hian khaikhin chi a ni lo. Aizawl khawi lâi vêng paho zingah hian tute nge Sodom khaw paho anga an vêng mikhual lo hual khut khut duh ang?  Tunlai chuan law and order a khauh tawh a, hetiang hian lo ti ta pawh ni se (an ti dawn lo lutuk naa) police-ah an report ang a, pawngsual tum leh tualthah tum case an awrh ang a, an chung a rip viau ang. Chanchinbu-ah a han chhuak ang a, mipuiin vuakhlum ve tak kan nâp ang a, a vêng mualphovin an mualpho dâwn a ni.

Kum 1911, Mizoram chhiarpui neih hmasak ber khan kum 2011 chhiarpuia Aizawl mihring hmun thuma thena hmun khat vel 82,434 chauh an la awm a. Kum 1961 leh 1966 chho ram buai vanglaia Mizoram pum mihring awm leh kum 2011-a Aizawl khawpui mihring awm hi an inzah tawk vel a ni. A sual tur mihring in tam hleih dan en hian sualna hi a pung em tih hi zawhna lian tak a ni thei.

Thuhriltu thenkhat hi chuan khawvelah hian sualna hi pung se, chanchin tharah te hian lang zur zut mai se kan duh zawk emaw tih tur a ni. A dik tak chuan hmanlai kum 100 hma lamte nena khaikhin chuan tunlai khawvel hi a nuam zawk em em asin. Khawsak a awlsam a, ei leh in lamah kan hnianghnar zawk a, incheina kan nei tha sawt em em a, kan ralmuang em em bawk. Tunhma Mizo nun ralmuang lo tak, râl hlau reng renga awmte ngaihtuah chuan kan nuamsa zawk fê a ni. Lehkha thiam kan tam a, a mimirin ziak leh chhiar kan thiam vek tawh bawk a. Hei hian mihring nun a siam tha em em; mi a tihawihhawm a, a hun leh hmun mi a hriat thiamtir a, kan chhia leh tha a tifim a, chu chuan khawtlang nun hi a tinuam lehzual a ni. Mi ang lo chhaih duhdah pawh kan ching lo sawt viau tawh. Tunlai khawvel hi a nuam a nia!

-         March 2013

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