Pitcairn Thliarkâr Tehmawlh Hi…

Kan naupan lâi (engtik kum nge ka hre tawh lo) bawk khân pastor (?) pakhat chuan ‘Pitcairn thliarkâra mite chu kan kohhran mi vek an ni a. Lung in te chu a awm ve bawk naa misual an awm ve loh avangin tâng tur pawh an awm lo’ tiin a rawn sawi chiam a. Naupan lâia thu ngaihthlâk hi chu a chiang duh lo viau mai a, chuvangin hei hi ka hre sual em aw ka ti; hre sual lo chuan ka inhria.

Chutih lâia ka lo ngaihthlâk dân leh ngaihruat zui dan chuan Pitcairn thliarkâr chu mi tam tak (tam tak tih lemah Mizoram âia tlêm daih nuaihkhat bawr vel) awmna niin British sawrkar hnuaia rambung khat, ram pangngai ve tak ni turah ka ruat a. Chuta mite chu kan kohhran vek an ni a. Seventh-day Adventist mite chu kohhran dang aia kan fel em avangin chu thliarkâra mite chu lung in tâng tur pawh awm lovin an fel em em vek mai a. An fel hlawm em avangin khawvela ram nuam ber pâwl leh ralmuang ber pâwl a ni.

Tunhnu hian Pitcairn thliarkara chengte chanchin ka han zir chiang a; \ah a chhuak thei hial a ni. Chipchiar deuh hlekin kan sawi ang.

Pitcairn hi New Zealand leh South America khawmualpuia inkâr laihawl vela awm, Pacific tuipui thliarkar te reuh tê niin mihring luah theih phei chu mêl 4.6 bial vel chauha a ni.

Ni 28 April 1789 khan British lawng HMS Bounty-a mite chu an captain William Blight-a lakah lungawi lovin an hel a. He helnaa a hnar kaitu ber leh hotu ber chu Fletcher Christian-a a ni. Tichuan Pacific thliarkar pahnih pathuma an tei kual hnu-ah kum 1790 khan Pitcairn thliarkar chu Tahiti atanga an hmeichhe rûk chhuahhote nen an rawn thleng a. Tumah an tlan bo loh nan an lawng chu an hal a. He lawng kang bang hi tun thlengin hmuh theih a la ni.

Tichuan chu thliarkar zim tê-ah chuan mahni rama haw ngam tawh lo sâp tlangval hro hrang na tak tak leh Tahitian mipa paruk leh Tahitian hmeichhe sawm-pakhat chuan awmhmun an khuar ta a. Rei lo tê-ah hmeichhe inchuhin chung lawng sipai 13 chu an han inthat tan pang mai a. A dam rei ber John Adams-a chuan an awm dan chu tha a ti lo va. Chuvangin an lawngchhia atanga an lâk chhuah Bible keuvin a nun dan chu a sim ta a. Thliarkar muanawm tak a lo ni ta a ni.

Pitcairn thliarkar tlawh leh hmasa ber chu kum 1808-a American lawng Topaz-in a tlawh kha a ni. Mipa zingah John Adams-a chauh a lo dam tawh a. A tira lût zingah hmeichhia pakua an la dam bawk. Mi hriat châk ber an hotupa Fletcher Christian-a chu a lo awm tawh lo va. Thenkhat chuan a tlan chhuak niin an sawi a. Pitcairn an hmuhchhuah leh lâia sâp la dam chhun John Adams-a leh amah Fletcher Christian-a nupui Maimiti sawi dan chuan in bul huana a hnathawk lâi kahhlum a ni. Amarawhchu John Adams-a hian Christian-a thih dan chu tlawhtu hrang hrang hnena a sawi dan a inang lo. Rilru lam buaina nei ang te, mahni intihlum ang te, a thianten an that ang ten a sawi bawk. Kum zahnih zet chu Christian-a thih dan hi miin an inrin siak a. A rûka England ram tlawh leh angten a thang a. Mi sawi danin English poet hmingthang Samuel Taylor Coleridge-a hla chhammi The Rime of the Ancient Mariner tih pawh kha he thuthang lêng vel atanga a phuah hi a ni.

Thu lêng vel a tam a. Thudik hriat a har khawp mai. Kei pawhin Dan L. Tharp-a ziah Fletcher Christian-a chanchin thawnthu anga a phuahna bu chhahpui mai Mutiny’s Curse chu ka nei a. Ani chhui dan chuan Fletcher Christian-a chu Pitcairn atangin a tlanchhuak a. A rûkin England-ah a kir leh a ni. Mahse hei hi chu zeldin thubawl a ni ber.

Captain Blight-a erawh chu khatia a hote an hel hnu khân harsa tak, ama sawi dana thi lova ruangin March 1790-ah England a thleng a. Lawng lamah thawk zui zelin Vice-admiral a kai chho hial a. Tin, amah hi pa huaisen tak Captain Cook-a hnuaia lo tal hrep tawh leh indona hmingthang Battle of Dogger Bank-ah te pawh lo che hrep tawh a ni. Lawng hrang hrang sawmthum dâwn laiah nihna hrang hrang neiin a thawk lâwr tawh a. Mi thil tawn hriat ngah tak a ni bawk. Hetia a lawnga helna a chhuahna chhan hi amah Blight-a sual lutuk vang nge a lawng mite tuar zuau lutuk, tuipui la zin ve ngai lovin hrehawm an ti lutuk an hel ta mai tih hriat hran theih a ni tawh meuh lo.

Engpawh nise Blight-a chuan a hnu lawkah a thawhna lawngah bawk helna a hmachhawn leh a. Mahse chumi tum chuan an hmetmit thei hram a ni. Hetihlai vel hian a hming a chhe ve khawp mai a. A chanchin an sawi pawhin Bounty Sâwn Chhepa tikherin an sawi thin. HMS Director lawng captain a nih laiin Dutch lawng sipai nen an indonaa hnehna a chang a. Admiral Nelson-a hnuaia lawng pakhat Glutton captain niin 2 April 1801-a  Copenhagen indona-ah khan a che tha pâwl a ni a. Nelson-a pawhin hnehna an channa chhan pakhatah ngâiin a fak viau a ni.  

New South Wales (Australia) governor palina ni turin August, 1806 khân Sydney a thleng a. Kum hnih emaw chauh a awm hnu-ah sipaiho nen inhmu thiam lovin tun thlenga hming dai tawh lo Rum Rebellion an tih chu kum 1808 January 26 khan a chhuak a. New South Wales sipai hotu Major George Johnnson-a chuan Sydney-a sawrkar hmunpui chu luhchilhin Blight-a chu a man a. Tasmania-ah an thawn a. Hetah hian Porpoise lawngah kum hnih an tântir a. England-ah a kir leh a. Vice-admiral thleng an kaitir a. Mahse hmun pawimawh erawh a luah ngai ta lo. Kum 1817 December thla khan Bond Street, London-ah kum 63 mi niin a thi a. An chhungkaw thlan St Mary biak in, Lambeth-ah an phum a. He biak in hi tunah chuan museum-ah hmangin Museum of Garden History an ti.  

Kum 1880 bâwr vel khan John Tay-an Pitcairn hi a tlawh a. A thusawi atangin he thliarkara mite hi Seventh-day Adventist kohhranah an inpe ta vek a. Chulai tak chu a ni kan sawi uar tâk em em thin chu.

He thliarkar hi a têt avangin mi an awm tam thei lo va. An tam ber kum chu 1937 kha niin mi 233 an awm a. Kum 2007 khan mi 47 an awm.

Pitcairn mite hi Adventist vek an ni kan tih tawh kha. Hei tak hi kan sawi tur chu a ni. Sakhuana an la thutak lem lo va. Wikepedia Encyclopedia-in a tarlan danin mi 47 zinga pariat chauh hi regular takin an inkhawm a. A dangte hi chu hun pawimawh bikah chauh an inkhawm peih a ni.

Pitcairn mite nun bawlhhlawhzia hi tunhma chuan miin an hre vak lo va. Kum 2000 bawr vel atang khan ngaimawh a hlawh chho tan a. Tichuan kum 2004 September 30  khan Pitcairn mi pasarih chu an Mayor Steve Christian hovin mipat hmeichhiat hman khawloh thubuai 55 zet neiin rorelsak an ni a. An zinga pakhat chauhin thiam a chang a. Pitcairn mi tho, Auckland, New Zealand-a cheng midang paruk chu kum 2005 khan thubuai 41 siamsak an ni leh bawk.

Hetiang thil intanna hi a lo rei tawh khawp mai. Pitcairn mite hi sâp leh Polynesian thlah pawlh an ni hlawm a. An pi leh pute nun tha lo an chhawm zinga tenawm ber chu hmeichhiat mipatnaa an insum lo leh naupang kum tling lo takngial pawh an zuah ngai lo chu a ni. Kum 2000 bawr vel khan Australia Seventh-day Adventist pastor Neville Tosen-a chu Pitcairn thliarkarah hian kum hnih zet a han khawsa a. Hmeichhiat mipatna lama an bawlhhlawhzia chu hahipin a sawi a ni. A sawi danin hmeichhia chu a tlângpuiin kum 12-15 inkârah an râi a. Paho chuan naupang an pawngsual fo va. Hmeichhe naupangte chuan an tuar tlawk tlawk mai a ni. An nute hnenah pawh sawi se a sâwt lo. An nute pawhin chutianga pawngsual chu kum an tlin hmâin an lo tâwk fo tawh a. Mak an ti lo; an fate chunga a thleng pawh chu dan pangngaiah an ngai mai.

Hetiang taka Pitcairn mite sualna a lo lar tak dan chu kum 1996 khan adventist minister pakhatin a fanu kum 11 mi lek chu an Mayor fapate zinga pakhat kum 20 mi, Shawn-an a pawngsual tiin Bristish sawrkarah a report a. London bula Kent Constabulary-a awm detective pahnih Dennis McGookin leh Peter George te chu British sawrkar chuan a han tir a. Pitcairn an thlen tirha an hmuh dan chu ‘an kawng bâwrah chemtê an pai fur a. An sam a sei em em a, pheikhawk pawh an bun lo.’ He mite pahnih han kal atang hian ani deuh ber awm e, Pitcairn thliarkara mi tlêm tê, chi leh kuanga inkungkaih kual thêm site nun bawlhhlawhzia leh sualzia chu a lo lar tak ni. A ngaihnawm phian lehnghal!

An awm dan that lohzia hi British Parliament meuh pawhin a buaipui a. Kum 2002 khan Pitcairn mite chungchang chu New Zealand-a relsak theih turin bill a pass ta hial a. Amarawhchu Pitcairn-ah tho chuan rorelna chu neih a ni. An rorelnaa Pitcairn nu pakhat, kum 38 mi, mittui tla zawih zawiha a inpuanna atang hian a chiang mai awm e(sawi tur a tam lutuk a, kan sawi sêng si lo). A sawi danin a naupan lâi chuan sal ang maia chhawr a ni a. An in chhûngah chuan vuak leh velh a tâwk fo thin. Terry Young (Pitcairn thliarkar mi) leh pa upa deuhho chuan a naupan lâiin an pawngsual fo va, mahse tumah a hrilh ngam si lo. An pawngsualna hmun hi ramhnuai reha a thing fawm lâi a ni deuh zel a. Hauh a hlauh avangin a nu takngial pawh a hrilh ngam lo. “Min pawngsual fo tih hre mah se ka nu chuan min tir dâwn tho va, chuvangin ka kal lo thei chuang lo,” a ti.

A sawi zel danin a tir lam chuan a han tang ve deuh a. Mahse engahmah an ngai chuang si lo va, a nih nih ni teh se tiin a dawh vel ta mai mai a ni. Chutilo chu an hlawhtlin hmâ loh chu an sual mai a. An hlawhtlin hmâ leh an kalsan hmâ a ni mai.

Hei hi tunhma chanchin tam tak zinga pakhat chauh a ni a. Court hmâa Christian-a inpuanna han chhiar phei chuan Pitcairn mite bawlhhlawhzia chu râpthlâk tak a ni. Tunhma kan naupan lâia Pitcairn thliarkar chanchin kan ngaihthlâk thin, “Seventh-day Adventist vek an ni a, lung in tâng tur pawh an awm lo,” tih ang thu puarpawlêng nen kha chuan inang lo tak a ni. Pastor Tosen-a pawhin ralkhat atanga kan lo hriat dan leh a tak ram inthlauhzia chu tihian a sawi, “He thliarkar hi chanchin thain a tihdanglam nia sawi kha a ni a. Mahse a danglamna chu a der mai a ni,” tiin.

Ni 30 September, 2004-ah rorelna tanin ni 24 October, 2004-ah thutlûkna siam a ni a. Mi pasarih zinga paruk chu thiam loh chantir an ni a. Ni 29 October-ah hremna tihchhuah a ni. Amarawhchu ramdanga mite an hrem ang em chuan an hrem lo. A nihna takah chuan hrem tlâkah pawh an ngâi lo a ni ber. Dan ang takin hrem dâwn se thliarkara cheng midangte chu an khawsa thei lo deuhthaw emaw a ni dâwn si a. Chuvangin Public Defender John Dacre-a pawhin, “England rama mi maktaduaih sawmngate chungchang kan rêl lo va, lung khawkrawk kâra cheng mi sawmngate chungthu a ni kan rel,” a ti.

Hetianga hmeichhe kum tling lo (kum sarih mi lek pawh an zuah lo) khawih hi tunhma atanga an lo chin dan a nih avangin thliarkar mite chuan ngaiah an lo neih tawh a ni ber. Hmeichhiate erawhin an tuar nasa a ni. “Lung in tâng tur pawh an awm lo,” tihte chu khawi lam, tunhmâ daih atang tawh khan hmeichhiat mipatna chungchanga an sualna avang hian buaina neuh neuh chu an lo nei fo tawh a. A dik tak phei chuan a tira lawng sipai helho pawh kha hmeichhe inchuh vanga inthat mang deuhthaw an ni. Kum 1950 pawh khan hmeichhe naupang kum tlinglo pawngsual thu hla avangin mi pathum chu rei vak lo lung inah khung an lo ni tawh a. Tunah phei chuan an tân phah fur tawh a nih chu. Hman deuh lawk atang khân Zû pawh lâkluh phal a ni.

Kum 2004-a Pitcairn mite buaipui nan hian British sawrkar chuan Pound maktaduaih sarih zet a sêng a. Ka hriat chinah mi pahnihin lehkhabu an chhuah bawk a,  chungte chu Kathy Mark-i ziak, Lost Paradise (Phêk 352 a chhah, Free Press, a Division of Simon and Schuster, Inc, New York) leh Dea Birkett-a ziak Serpent in Paradise tihte an ni.  (Ziah tur a tam a, a ninawm ang tih ka hlauh bawk si avangin a tir lam khi ka ziak chiri phah deuh em aw?).

Hetiang thu ka hriat hmâ pawh khan mak tih ka nei tawh. Pitcairn thliarkar zim têa mi sawmnga bawr vel lekin lung in tâng tur an nei lo chu han sawi vul vak tur awmin ka hre lo va. Mi nuaihkhat vel zinga misual lung in tâng tur awm lo chu nise sawi uar deuh pawh a awmin ka hria, mi sawmnga vel lek zinga lung in tâng tur awm lote chu (an tâng fur zâwk lehnghal) thil chhuanawm a ni hran lo khawp mai.

Naupang pâwngsual thu-ah chauh an sual lo. Thil danga an nun dan pawh a entawn tlâk lem loh khawp mai. Entirnan The PittburgChannel.com-in a tarlan dan chuan June 11, 2009, hmanni lawk pawh khan Pitcairn mi, Seventh-day pa, a hming Dale Eugene Ramey, Pittburg-a awm chu naupang thirsakawr rûk chungchangah police-in an man a. Thubuai an siamsak mêk a ni. Tawngtaipui an ngai khawp mai.

Tichuan han titha leh ila. Kum 1890-ah Pitcairn thliarkar hi adventist thliarkarah a inlet a. Mahse kum za a lo ral leh meuh chuan adventist tia sawitlâk an awm leh ta mang lo. Adventist News Network, May 29, 2001 chhuakah chuan Pitcairn thliarkar miten rinna an phatsan nasat thu leh adventist kohhrana chhiar tlâk an nih tawh loh thu kan hmu ta a. Kum 2001 May 19, khân New Zealand Pacific region executive committee chuan Pitcairn adventist kohhran chu kohhran puitling an nihna (organised church) atangin company-ah a dah thla leh ta zâwk a. Thangtharin kohhran an ngaihsak lo lutuk chu thuhran, a mi hluiho hrim hrim nun dan pawh a Seventh-day lo lutuk a, Adventist kohhran puitling ni zel tlâkah an ngai ta lo a ni ber. Helai South Pacific bial president thachhang dawltu Ray Coombe-a chuan khawvel pum adventist kohhranin ralkhat atanga Pitcairn thliarkar kan hriat dan leh a tak tak ram inthlauhzia chu lungchhe takin a puang nghe nghe a ni. Kohhran member tia la chhiar ngam mi pariatte enkawl tur hian pastor leh nurse awmsate chu dah zui an ni nghe nghe bawk.  (Source : Adventist News Network, May 29, 2001.)   

A tâwp nân, Pitcairn chungchang atang hian zir tur kan nei; chu chu hre chiang mang lo leh chhût chiang mang lova uar deuh deuha thil sawi vak vak loh tur tih hi.■

Praise and Worship.

Thuhmahruai

     Tunhma deuh, kum 2002 vel atang khan ni maw? Mizoramah zaithiam an rawn pung deuh hluai mai a. A thiam lah an thiam hlawm narawh. Pathian hla sa an pung a, lêngzem hla sa an nêp bik hek lo. Demand channel han hmet ila hmêl thar an inlar deuh fo bawk a. Mihring tlêm ngaihtuah chuan zaithiam ngah pâwl tak kan ni mai thei; hriat ni suh. Tin, kan zaithiamte hi North East India state dang mite hian an lo hre ve viau mai. Nagaland college pakhata thawk Naga nula pakhat ka kawm chuan Mizo zaithiam hming leh an hlate a hre hle. Nagaland vêkah hian thingtlang khaw pakhata Mizo zirtirtu thawk Catholic Sister pakhat chuan a sikul naupangten Mizo zaithiam an ngaihsan thu leh Mizo tawng thumal an zawh phah fo thu min hrilh bawk. ‘Mizo hla ka neih loh \ha \ha an nei,’ a tia lawm. 

Zaithiam an pun rualin tunlai hian Pathian biak dân chi dang deuh, praise and worship an tia maw ni hi a lâr tan leh ta viau mai a. Sâp ngaisang reng renga buai, an hmaa thingthi lo chauh; nupui/pasal atana hnam dang neih haw em ema insawi, sâp nei an awma ropui ta viauva ngâi, chanchinbu-ahte meuh chhuah thin leh interview thin hnam kan ni bawk a, praise and worship tih pawh hi kan tilâr dawn khawp mai. Bengali tawnga a tlukpui ‘Dharmia Anusthan’ tiin inkhawmah mi sawm ila kalkhawm tur kan awm ngût angemaw chu(?). Thenkhatin “Chawimawina Thûk” titen an lo sawi bawk a. A bu meuh siam pawh kan awm tâk hi. Tin, praise and worship ti deuh ngata kan inhuikhawm theihna chhan leh Tuikuk hming Jonorama etc., aia sâp hming Linda, Richard etc., put kan duhna chhan hi thil inhnai tak niin ka hre bawk. Kei chuan tuna kan inkhawm dân pangngai, zaithiam leh thiam lote pawhin chanvo thuhmun kan channa, kan tihdan pangngai tluka praise and worship, chawimawina thûk hi awm chuangin ka hre lo a ni. Mahse tunlai praise and worship hi ka sawisel tihna a ni lo a nia. Ka tui pha meuh lo ka tihna a ni ber.

          Engpawhnise zaithiam an lo tam a, zai lama hma kan sawn tak viauah chuan kei, zai lama mi rual pâwl pha lo ber hian mi sawi ngai loh lam rimawi chanchin chu kan sawi ve daih teh ang. Heta ka thu ziahte hi zirtir neia ziah tum ka ni hran lo lehnghal.

          A tlangpuiin kohhrana thil thar engemaw seng luh a nih hian a do pâwl leh chutiang tihdan thar do chu kohhran humhalhnaa ngâi tlat thin an awm zel a. Tihdan hlui vawn bur mai kha thlarau bik riauvin an hre \hin. Mahse chutianga tihdan hlui an vawn tlatte pawh kha tunhma lehzuala ringtuten an chin thar tirha inhnialna chawk chhuaktu, kohhran tibuaitua an ngaihte kha a lo ni ve tho fo thin a. Chutiang zinga lar tak pakhat chu hla leh rimawi chungchang hi a ni. Tlêm kan sawi ang.

Kohhran Hmasate Atangin

Kristian hmasate kha Hebrai culture aiin Grik culture-in a chim nasa zawk a, Grik tawng pawh a lar zawk a, Thuthlung Thar pawh Hebrai tawng ni lovin Grik tawnga ziah a ni. Chuvangin ringtu hmasate Pathian hla chuan Hebrai lam awn lovin Grik milem beho sakhaw biakna hla thlûk lam a awn zâwk. Kum zabi palina velah hla phuah thiam French mi St. Hilary leh a thih hnua rawn chhunzawmtu St. Ambrose-te hming chu kan hre mai a. Hmasawnna em em awm lovin Pope Gregory Ropuia(590-604) khan  Gregorian Chant an tih kha a rawn siam chhuak a. Chu pawh chu tunlaia kan hla ang tak tak hi a ni lo. An chham deuh ruah ruah ani ber e. Tin, hetih hun lâia an hlate hi puithiam leh zaipawl tih loh mipui inkhawm nazawngin an sa ngai lo.

Kohhran hmasate chanchin kan chhiar zel chuan Roman Catholic kohhran chuan biak inah hmeichhiate zai ve an phal lo va.  Zaipawla a soprano  sa tur leh zai tur hrim hrim chu mipa naupang zinga zaithiam aw tha deuhte til an rehsak (mipa thei lo turin an siam) thin. Hetianga mipa naupang zai tur til an rehsakte hi castri an ti a. Castri zingah hian zai lama mi lar tak takte pawh an lo awm tawh thin a. Chung zinga lar ber pakhat chu Italian mi  Carlo Broschi Farinelli-a(1705-1782), Andria-a piang kha a ni. Hetianga  soprano sa tur mipa naupang til rehsak hi Italy-ah chuan kum 1878-a  Pope Leo XIII-a pope a rawn nih thleng khan an uar viau a ni awm e..

Tin, tunhma chuan rimawi hmanrua an khap bur a, hla part hrang hrang sak  pawh phal a ni lo. Hun a lo kal zela biak ina hmeichhe zai an phal ve hun a lo awm a. Chutah pawh chuan mipa nena zai rual kha an la phal chuang lo; hmeichhiat mipatna rilru a kai tho, a sexy lutuk an ti a, an vêng atanga an hnawhchhuah ve leh ve loh phei zawng kan hre lo.

Reformation Hunlai vel

Tun hma chuan Catholic Sam hla bute kha an sa tam deuh ber a. Chung an hla sakte chu a mawi lovin mi rilru a hneh lo em em mai a. Kohhran a timuthlu a ni ber e. Martin Luther-an Siam Thatna hna rawn \anin hla thar sak nuam tak tak a rawn phuah ta a. Thenkhat ngaihdan phei chuan heng a hla tharte hian All Saints Church (Castle Church), Wittenberg-a Ninety-Five Theses a tar âi khan ram a la zau zawk hialin an sawi a ni. A hmêlmate meuh pawhin an pha lo. Jesuit pawl ami Adam Conzenius-a phei chuan, “Luther-a hlate hian a thusawi leh ziak âiin mi thlarau a tichhe hnem zawk” a ti. A hla  tharte chuan Germany dung leh vang a fang chhuak a, kawtthlerah leh biak inahte a ri chuah chuah mai a ni. Luther-a chuan rimawi hi a dah sâng hle a, theology dawta Pathian thilthlawnpek ropui takah a ngai a ni.   

Amarawhchu hetiang tak hian Luther-a hlate hi Germany-ah chuan lar mah se kohhran hruaitu hmasate kha hla chungchangah hian an ngaihdan a inpersan nasa khawp mai. Zwingli-a chuan kum 1524 khan Catholic kohhranin an hman chi rimawi tum rik theih reng reng chu a do bur mai a. Hemi kum hian Zurich khua (Switzerland) magistrate chuan khawpui chhunga organ zawng zawng chhut chhiatna tur thupêk a chhuah a. An chhu chhe ta chur chur mai a ni. John Calvin-a phei chuan tunlai Pathian hla lar (hymn) ang chi leh rimawi hmanrua hrim hrim hi a do bur bawk.

Calvin-a ngaihdan chuan Pathianin Israel fate rimawi hmanrua tum tir a phalsakna chhan pawh kha eng dang vang mah ni lovin rinna lama an la naupan vang chauhah a ngai a. Chuvangin rimawi hmanrua leh Bible pawn lama hla phuah (hymn) reng reng chu a do tlat mai a ni.

Tichuan chutih hunlaia Europe chu Calvin-a ngaihdan zawmtu leh Luther-a ngaih dan zawmtu pawlah an in\hen ta phawk mai ti ila a sual hran lo vang. England leh Scotland ramin Calvin-a ngaih dan \awmin chu chu Pathian thupêk ni ngeiin an hre bawk a. Thupêk an chhuah a, an biak ina organ chu an chhu chhe ta chur chur mai a ni. Biak in chhungah Sam Hla zawla an phuah hla bâk sak an phal lo.

Mahse Calvin-a duhdan anga Sâm thlûk neia siam ringawt chuan a tirah larin miin chawisang viau mah se a daih rei lo. Zawi zawiin Europe khawthlang lama protestant zingah hla pangngai(hymn) duhna a lo zual zel a. Amarawhchu chuti mai chuan miin an pawm thei lo. John Banyan-an a awmna kohhrana hla(hymn) lâk luh a tum pawh kohhranin an phel phah der a. Benjamin Keach-an kum 1673 khan Particular Baptist zinga (hymn) lakluh a tum pawhin an buai nasa mai a. A tawpa an inremna chu hla thar (hymn) sak duhho leh duh loho chu an  inkhawm chhâwk ang tih a ni.

Isaac Watts (1674-1748)

          English hla phuah thiam Isaac Watts-a chuan a hunlaia Sam zawl hla thlûkte chuan mi rilru a hneh lo tih a hre chiang a. Mi ril rem zâwng tak tur hla a phuah \an ta a. Father of English Hymnody tih hial a lo ni ta a ni. Mahse ani pawh hian harsatna a tawk nasa khawp mai. A hla phuah zingah chuan ‘Khawvel Lawm nan a lo kal a,’ tih te, ‘Khawiah pawh ni chhuahna apiangah’ tih te, “Isua kross mak tak chungah khan’ tihte hi a lar pâwl an ni a. Mahse heng hlate hi a hun laia kohhran member tam zawk chuan biak ina sak tlâkah an ngai lo va. Thenkhat phei chuan chutia hla a lo phuah ve ringawt chu Pathian sawichhiatna ang hialah an puhsak a. Kohhran atanga hnawh chhuah duh hialte pawh an awm ta. Kohhran a buai a, hla thar duh pawl pastor thenkhat an ban a, lung in tân phah leh pawisa inchawi tir hial an awm ta. A duh lo zual chuan biak ina hla thar an sak apianga hla dang saa lo tibuai tur mi an ruai bawk a; buai tak an ni.

Hetihlaia kohhran buaina hi sawi thui a tul awm lo ve. Zawi zawiin hla thar (hymn) chuan ram a la zau hret hret a. Isaac Watts-a hla chu kohhran pakhat chuan an pawm thei a. Mahse an ti leh lutuk a; Isaac Watts a hla lo hla thar dang reng reng chu an biak ina sak an khap leh bur bawk.

Isaac Watts-a chauh hi a ni lo; Charles Wesley-a te, Ira Sankey etc-te pawhin sawiselna leh dodalna an tawk nasa hle a ni. Kum zabi 19-na tawp lam 1895 bawr vela D.L.Moody leh Ira Sankey-te rawngbawl dun tum pawhin Sankey chuan reed organ a tum pek a. A lo ngaithlatu zinga inti duhtui pawlte chuan an lo ngaithei lo nasa mai niin, chutiang ramhuai hmanrua a hman reng chuan a \ha lo zawk ang tiin Moody-a hnenah chuan an hêk a ni.

Roman Catholic-in zaipawl an nei \hin nge ni, protestant kohhran \henkhat chuan ‘pope thil’ tiin an biak ina zaipawl zaitir an phal loh phah bawk.

America Ram Lam

America rama Puritan lût hmasa ho chuan biak in chhunga organ lâk luhte chu thil ni thei lo tawpah an ngai a. Kum tam tak chhung chu inhnialna tham a ni. Boston Hmar Kohhran pastor C.Mather-a phei chuan biak ina organ meuh lak luh anih chuan rimawi chi hrang hrangte pawh lakluh ani ang a, lâmnain a zui thuai ang a ti.

Mahse zawi zawiin boruak a lo inthlak a. Kum 1770-ah Providence-a Congregational kohhran chuan an biak ina organ lakluh chu an phal ve ta a. Boston khuaa Brattle Street Kohhran pawhin an inhnial fê hnu-ah England a\anga chah thlâk an remti bawk a. Mahse an han chah thla ta chiah a le, an buai phah nasa ta mai. An kohhran mi tam tak chuan khawvel aia Pathian hmangaih inti ringtuten chutiang sual lian organ-te ang an biak in chhunga lak luh an remti thei chu mak an lo ti em em mai a ni.

Tunah hi chuan piano-te hi  sual em ema ngaih a ni lo va. Mahse kum zabi 18-na hun laia kohhran \henkhat tan chuan biak ina lak luhte chu thil tih awm loh lutuk a ni. Moravian(kum zabi 18-na) hote erawh chu an zau deuh hlek a. Violin tih loh chu biak inah rimawi hmanraw chi hrang hrang  hman an phal a; mahse violin erawh chu ‘Setana hmanrua’ tiin an khap bur thung.

Tichuan….

Heng kohhran hrang hrangte hian ram dangah missionary an tir chhuak sung sung a. Mizoram pawh Calvin-a zuitu ram Wales leh England atangin chanchin tha min rawn hrilh a ni a. Kan missionary sâp hmasate background enin Pathian biak nana Mizo khuang leh hla thlûk an rawn duh lo nghal em em mai kha a lo mak vak lo; an tih awm reng a lo ni tihsak mai teh ang. ■■

(La chhunzawm tur)

Hmeichheho Ve Mai Mai Hi

Christian Egalitarian Vs Complimentarian

             

            Kan pian hmâ daih AD 585 khan Macon khua, Italy-a kohhran rorel khâwl, bishop 59 kalkhawm chuan ‘hmeichhiaten thlarau an neih ve leh neih ve loh’ chungchang an khel a. Chu chu ‘hmeichhiate hi chhandam an ni ve thei ang em?’ tihna tluk a ni. A tâwpa vote an han lak chuan vote khat chiahin hmeichhiaten thlarau an neih ve ringho chu an chak a ni an ti. Hei hi a bâwm ak thu deuh bâkah mi hre ril zâwkte chuan chutih hun laia kohhranin hmeichhia a en dan nen a inkalh a, chuvangin thil tak tak ni theiah chuan an ngai lo.

            Amarawhchu he thu hian kohhran mai pawh ni lo, khawtlang nuna hmeichhia kan en dan a sawi thui viauin ka hria a, chuvangin he kohhran rorel agenda nia an sawi hre reng hian titi kan vawr dawn a ni. Kan duh duh kan sawi ang. Tin, kan thusawi hian kawh tum mumal a nei vak bawk lo vang. Kan duhna lam lam kan hawi ringawt dâwn a ni. Hetianga zirtir nei ren run lova lehkha ziah hi a rilru a zalen a, a nuam danglam riau. Chuvangin kan lehkha ziah hian eng nge a zirtir a, eng nge a tum tihah kan buai lo.

            Thuthlung Thar bu in\anna-ah hian mi pawimawh tak tak pathum, hmeichhe pahnih leh mipa pakhat an lo lang. Hmeichhe pahnihte chu Elizabeth-i leh Mari te an ni a. Mipa chu puithiam Zakaria a ni. Zakaria leh Mari te hian fa an neih tur thu an dawng ve ve a. A puithiam zâwk Zakaria chuan a ringhlel a, a naupang zâwk Mari erawh chuan a ringhlel lo. A rai tur thu a hriat hnu lawkah hla chhammi (poem) a phuah chhuak nghal zat thei a, nula fel tak a ni awm e. Thlarau Thianghlim fa a pai dâwn tih a hriat hnu lawk, a laizawn Elizabeth-i nen an inhmuh ruala Mari hla (poem) phuah hi Magnificat an ti a. Hetia chawplehchilha hla phuah mai thei nula hian hla dang emaw, poem dang emaw a phuah zawm kan hre lo; a rau a thawk chhunzawm lo a ni ber awm e.

            Mari te hun lâi hi Thuthlung Hlui leh Thar in\hen hun lâi, a sâp \awng taka intertestamental period an tih a ni a. Hetih lâi vela Juda-te chuan kum 13 tling chin chu puitling, nupui pasal nei theiah an ngâi a. A neih pawh an nei mai reng a ni. Mipa naupang chu a kum 13-na pianchamphaphâk a\anga Sabbath hmasa berah puitling a nih chhinchhiahna ang rengin Bar Mitzfa an neih pui a. Hemi hnu hi chuan mipa naupang chu an Juda dante zawm tur leh mahni inenkawl thei tawh tura beisei a ni. Reform Judaism-ah chuan hmeichhe naupangte pawh hetiang hi an neih pui a, chu chu Bat Mitzfa an ti. Mari pawh hi engemaw ti special  taka a lêng rei bik te a nih loh chuan Josefa nena an inhual a, pasal neih a tum rilruk lâi vel hian kum 13 atanga 17 inkâr vel bâk a ni lo maithei a ni. Ka lehkhabu chhiar pakhat chuan kum 15 niin a sawi a. Chu pawh chu rinthu a ni tho mai. Hmanlai mite chu nupui pasal an innei hmâ hle. Kan pû Mahatma Gandhi-a pawh khan kum 13 a nihin a âia kum khata upa nula Kasturba-i chu nupuiah a nei a nih kha. Hmanlâi Mizote pawh nupui pasal an innei hmâ hle. Taitesena chu khaw khat tlangval senior niin a thi a, a thih khân kum 22 mi a ni. Tunlâi mi nise kan hmu naupang teh ang chu.

Mari chuan a pasal hual Josefa hnena a rai thu hrilh chu a huphurh ve ngang mai. Sâwn ngaihnêpna (Genesis 38:14) rama hmêl puh tur leh kawh tur awm lo, mi vantlang ngaiha falak pai zahthlâk turzia kha kan zu ngaihtuah thiam lo zâwk hial a ni. “Sâwn chu Lalpa mite pung khawm zingah an tel tur a ni lo, a thlah, chhuan sawmna (kumkhuain tihna tluk a ni-margin) pawh Lalpa mite pung khawm zingah an tel thei lo vang,” (Deut. 23:2) tih a ni si a. Mari khan Isua a pai avang khan rilru leh taksa lamah eng ang chiahin nge a tawrh hriat phâk rual a ni lo. A la naupang bawk si, zahthlâk bawk si, raino awmzia pawh la hre ngai lovin mihring zinga a fa paina sawi tur awm lo fa a pai a ni a, a hrehawm dan a thuahhnih ngawt ang. A bialpa hi Josefa ni kher lo phei se a mualpho nasa ang chu. Tin, Josefa tân pawh chutia a nupui hual nâu paiin a puh ta lo chu a hrehawm viau ang; kan bialnu tih ni se mut tuina chi a ni lo. Amarawhchu Josefa hi tlangval rilru \ha tak mai a lo nih avangin an mualpho lo chauh a ni. Chu bâkah a bialnu a mualpho chuan a mualpho tel ve dâwn tih a hria te pawh a ni mahna. A lan danin an la naupang dun nasa mai si a, engemaw han inkhak phah nân leh intihtauh phah nân an hmang em hriat a ni lo. Engpawhnise heta ka han sawi duh chu kristian sakhaw in\anna-ah hian hmeichhia an lar hle tih hi a ni. Mari chanchin sawi tel lovin kristian sakhuana hi sawi lan theih a ni lo va. Kohhran din tirh pawha mi \angkai tak takte an ni.

Amarawhchu hmeichhiate hian hmanlâi ata tawh en hran leh en hniam an tâwk nasa hle a. Juda puithiam \henkhat phei chuan an zing \awng\aina-ah hmeichhia an nih loh avanga an lawmthu an chham tel kher \hin. Leviticus 12: 2, 5-ah chuan nuin mipa a hrin chuan ni sarih a bawlhhlawh ang a, hmeichhia a hrin chuan ni sawm leh pali a bawlhhlawh ang tih kan hmu. Eng vanga hmeichhia a hrin vang maia nu chu bawlhhlawh rei bik nge a nih a sawi zui lo. Hei hi feminist \henkhat chuan la vawngin Bible hi mipa leh hmeichhie thliar nasatu a ni tiin sawichhiat nan an hmang.

Amarawhchu sakhaw hrang hrang chanchin han chhiar hian hmeichhe dinhmun a hniam viau zel a. Chutah chuan sakhaw hrang hrang zinga a inti rilru zâu ber leh intichangkang ber kristian sakhua meuh pawh hi a bang lo. Lehkhathiam Tirhkoh Paula meuh pawh khân chhandamna chungchangah hmeichhia leh mipa an danglam lo ti mah se rawngbawlna chungchangah kher chuan hmeichhiate chu a en hniam deuh tih loh theih a ni lo. I Korinth 14:34, 35-ah chuan “Kohhranho inkhawmnaah chuan hmeichheho chu ngawi rengin awm rawh se; anni zawng an thusawi phal a ni si lo; Dan Lehkhabuin a sawi ang bawk khan thu zawmin awm zawk rawh se. Tin, engpawh zir an duh chuan in lamah mahni pasal zawt rawh se; kohhranho inkhawmnaa hmeichhe thusawi hi a zahthlak si a,” tiin hmeichhiate chu a dah sâng lo hle ti ila kan daw lovang chu. He thu hi tunlâi hian a taka zawm tum ila India constitution-te pawh a kalh lek lek zâwk lo maw? ‘Tun atang hian Bible thu angin hmeichhia reng rengin biak inah thu an sawi ve thei tawh lo vang. Hmeichhe inkhawm pawh hi tihtâwp nghal tur a ni,’ ti ila, nuho rilru chu a na ngawt ang. An ân hla hriat châkawm tak a ni. Tirhkoh Paula chuan ‘kohhran inkhawmnaa hmeichhe thusawi hi a zahthlâk si a,’ ti hialin a sawi a. Tunlâi hmeichhe thusawi \hinho an zah lohzia leh an sawi theih zawt zawtzia nena ngaihtuah chuan inpersan tak a ni.

            Tirhkoh Paula’n heti tak maia biak ina hmeichhe thusawi a khap nasa hi eng vang nge kan zu hre thui lo va. Cultural background a neih leh neih loh pawh kan zu hre thui lo khawp mai. Korinth khua amite chauh a tihna nge khatih hun lâia kristian zawng zawngte leh a hnu kum sang hnih dâwn lâia mite hi min hmer tel hriat a har tawh hle. Khatih lai vel khan kristian zingah hmeichhia an tam zâwk lehnghalin an sawi a. Ziaktu pakhat phei chuan mipa an indaih lo va, pasal tur an van khawp mai tilam zawngin a ziak a ni. Korinth khua amite hnena a lehkhathawn hi duh tâwk lovin Timothea hnenah pawh, “Hmeichhiain thu awih tlatin ngawi rengin zir rawh se. Amaherawhchu, hmeichhiain zirtir zawng ka phal lo, mipa chunga thu neih ka phal hek lo, ngawi rengin awm zawk rawh se,” tiin a la sawi nawn leh cheu mai a (I Timothea 2:11,12). A ngai pawimawh ngang ni tur a ni. Kan zu hre thui si lo va, a hrilhfiahtu hrilhfiah dan a ni tawh mai awm e. Engpawhnise kohhran din tirh atangin hmeichhe dinhmunah hian kristian-te hi kan buai tawh a, tun thleng hian kohhranah eng ang dinhmun nge an luah ve ang tih hi inhnialna tâwp thei lo a la ni reng a ni.

            “Kohhran tina Pathian mi thianghlimte tih dan angin,” ( châng 33) tia bul a \an avang hian khatih laia kristian kohhran dangah pawh hmeichhiain thu an sawi ve ngai lo tih a lang a. Chutianga ti ve tur chuan Korinth khuaa mite hi a hrilh mai a ni. Paula te hun lâia awm ve Juda historian hmingthang, Rom sawrkar pawhin a hmelhriat tham Josephus-a chuan, “Kawng engkimah hmeichhiate hi mipate aiin an hnuaihnung zâwk,” a ti.

            Paula kha Kilikia rama Tarsa khua ami a ni a. A hun laia \awng tualleng ber chu Grik \awng a ni a. Roman Empire chhûnga awme ti lovin Grik culture a lar ber bawk. Chuvangin Paula pawh kha Grik hnam ziarangin a hneh hle ang tih chu hnial rual a ni lo. Chuvangin Korinth khaw kohhran leh Timothea te hnena lehkha a thawn lai vel boruak, a bikin hmeichhe dinhmun kha thlir hmasa lawk ila. Sawi tawh ang khan amah hi chhungkaw awm thei tak atanga lo seilian niin a lang bawk. Naupan têt lai atanga Pathian \ih mi a nih bâkah mithiam hmingthang Gamaliela hnen atanga inzir chhuak a ni.

Tarsa khua hi tunlaia Turkey ram chhim lam, Mediterranean tuipui a\anga kilometer sawmhnih vel leka awm a ni a. Tunah chuan Turkey ram khaw lian palina Adana-Mersin Metropolitan Area huam chhung ami a ni. He khua-ah hian mihring pawh maktaduaih hnih leh nuaih sarih lâi an awm. Paula pian lâi vel pawh khan khaw lian tak leh pawimawh tak a ni tawh a. A hming tithang zualtu chu Roman General Antony leh Aigupta lalnu hmêltha hmingthang Cleopatra te intawn hmasak berna a nih vang te, zawlnei Danial thlan awmna nia an sawi hmun a awm vang te leh Cilicia (Kilikia) phaizawl ram tha tak mai te chu an ni. Kum 171 BC khan an mahni awptu  Antiochus IV Epiphanes-a lakah an hel a. Ani hian Tarsa khaw hming chu Antiochia tiin a thlâk a. Mahse he hming hi an pu rei hman lo. Rom lal Pompey-a hun laiin Kilikia ram bial khawpuiah a siam a. Julius Kaisara tihlawm nan Juliopolis tiin a hming hi an thlâk leh a, chu pawh chu a pu rei chuang lo. Kum 66 BC khan he khuaa chengte hi Rom mi nihna pêk an ni a, chuvang chuan Paula pawh kha Rom mi renga piang a ni. Tin, Tarsa khua hi zirna hmunpui a nih avangin Paula a inzir sâng viau pawh kha a mak lutuk lo.

Paula kha sawi tawh angin Abrahama thlah Israel mi, Benjamina thlah a ni a. Juda hnam tihdan leh nunphungin a hruai hle ang. Rom mi nihna a neih avang leh Rom-ho chu political power nei an nih avangin Rom tihdan tam tak a zui ve bawk ang . Chutih rual chuan mi thiam a ni a, a hun laia culture lar ber leh \awng tualleng ber Grik-in a hneh thui hle ang tih a rinawm. Tunlai Mizo-ho ang hi a ni ber awm e. Tunlai Mizo-te hi chu vâi, sâp leh Mizo kan ni kawp deuh roh tawh a ni. Vâi tihdan tam tak kan la a, sâpho kan entawn nasa a, keimahni hnam dan kan la thlah vak chuang lo bawk a. Kan kawp nasa ta. Kan changkan poh leh kan \hâm kawp nasa mai a ni. Hetiang deuh hian Tirhkoh Paula lehkhathawna culture factor lo awm \hin pawh hi a hun lâia a nunpui loh theih loh culture pathum, Grik, Juda leh Rom a\anga thlir a fuh mai thei.

Tirhkoh Paula te hun laia Grik hmeichhiate dinhmun hi tunlai dan a\anga teh chuan hniam viau anga sawi theih a ni. Hmeichhe naupangte chu an pate thuhnuaiah an awm rawt a. In chhûngah a nute hnathawh \anpuiin eisiam dan te, puan \hui dan te, puan tah dan te an zir ber a. Lehkha pawh inah an zir ve mai.

An tleirawl chhuah tirhah mipa kum 30 mi vel pasalah an nei tlangpui a. An pate zawnsak (arranged marriage) a ni deuh vek bawk. Tunlai anga hmangaihna hmachhuana mahni duh ber kan nei chat ang hi a ni lo. Pasal an neih tawh chuan an pasalte thuhnuaiah awmin inah an tawm deuh chawt a. Grik khawtlâng nuna an dinhmun chu an nihna azir a ni. Hmeichhe chi thum an awm.

1. Nawhchizuar leh Sal

            Hmeichheho zinga dinhmun hniam berte chu nawhchizuarho leh sal hmeichheho an ni. Hengho hi nuthlawi te, ramdang mi te, indonaa an sal man te, tuma duh loh hmeichhe naupang vâkvai te an ni ber a. Pasal nei lo an ni tlângpui bawk. An awmna ram mi nihna dik tak an neih loh avangin danin a chhan ve meuh lo va, chhungpui nu ber anga anmahni phuartu a awm hek lo. Pawisaa lei theih an nih avangin an zalen phian a. Chuvangin hmeichhe tuallim deuh an hmuh dan a hniam phah thung. Hmeichhe salho chu an pûte thu thu a ni mai. Engmah sawi theih an nei lo.

2. Hetaerae (Hetaira)

            Heng mite hi tunlaia first class nawhchizuar kan tih ang deuh hi an ni awm e. An changkang a, arts lamah (music leh lâm) an sâng bawk a. An nun pawh a zalen hle. Mi lian hmei an ni duh viau. Heng hmeichheho hi Grik mipate khan zu ngaisangin zu duh hlawm viaua maw le!

3. Chhungpui Nu

            Heng mite hi pasal pangngai neia chhungkaw nu ber an ni a. An dinhmun pawh a awhawm ber awm e. Mahse kan sawi tawh ang khan an pasalte chu an hmangaih ngawih ngawih vanga an neih an ni mang lo; nu leh pate inbiak remna avanga innei an ni ber. Mi hausa nupuite chuan an chhungkaw enkawl turin chhiahhlawh an nei a. Chutia tirh mai tur an neih avang chuan Grik nuho chu pâwn lamah an chhuak khât hle niin an sawi.

            Tin, nuin an in chhûng an chhuahsan zin lutuk chuan pâ mualphona a ni. Amarawhchu chhiahhlawh nei zo lo an tam ve a, chung mite chuan pâwn lamah, a bikin an lo lamah hna an thawk ve nasa hle.

            Hnam fing hmasa Grik-ho zingah pawh hian hmeichhiate chuan ngaihnêp an hlawh hle a. Bungrua ang leka lei leh hralh theih an ni ti ila kan uar deuh hret chauh ang chu. Grik pasal\hate chuan hmeichhiate chu fa neih nân chauh an \ha an ti \hin. Nupui pakhat aia tam neih phal a ni a, mahse an nei uar lutuk lo thung.

            Juda-te zinga hmeichhe dinhmun awm chu kan sawi lang nual tawh a. Sawi tam a ngai awm lo ve. Mipate chuan chhuanlam ho tê tê, in chhûng khawsak rel a thiam lo, a thaw a rimchhia tihvel mai maiin an nupuite chu an ma thei a. Hmeichhia erawh chuan an pasalte an \hen ve thiang lo.

            Hetiang deuh bawk hian Rom mite zingah pawh hmeichhe dinhmun a sâng lua lo khawp mai. Sawi sen a ni lo. A hun lâia amah chimtu culture pathumte enin Paula’n inkhawmnaa hmeichhe thusawi a phal lo kha a tihawm reng a ti a ni a tih theih. Khatih hun lai Grik khuaa ringtu hmeichhiate kha tunlai kan hmeichheho ang hian duh duh sawiin râk vel ve ta chiam sela chanchin \ha chuan ngaihsan aiin ngaihnêp a hlawh zâwk dâwn nite pawhin a lang thei.

            Kum zabi pahnihna chawhnu lamah khan kohhran hruaitu lar St.Tertullian-a (BC 155-225 bawr vel) chuan, “Evi thlahte inni vek tih in inhria em? Ramhuai kawngka chu in ni a. Thei ei phal loh eitu in ni bawk. Pathian Dan kalsan hmasatu in ni a, Setana meuh pawhin a beih ngam loh chu in thlêm ngam a. Awlsam takin Pathian anpui mihring chu in tichhia a. Nangmahni avangin Pathian Fapa meuh pawh a thi a ni,” tiin hmeichhiate chu a hau phiarh phiarh mai a ni ( ti ila a dik ang).

            Hippo khaw kohhran hruaitu St. Augustine-a [BC 354-430] pawhin, “Mi nupui an ni emaw, nu an ni emaw, hmeichhia chu thlêmtu Evi, kan inven rengna tur chu an ni a, a danglamna eng nge awm? Fa neih nân chauh lo chuan mipa tâna hmeichhe \angkaina hi ka hmu ve thiam lo,” a ti bawk.

            Kum AD 567 khan Tours khuaa kohhran rorel chuan hmeichhiate chu mipaho an thlêm thlûk avanga an demna thu an chhuah a. Rûl nena tehkhinin an vun rawng tidanglama mipate hip \hinah an puh a ni. Chutih lâi vel bawka Auxerre khuaa kohhran rorel chuan hmeichhiate chu an pianphung renga bawlhhlawh an nih thu an nemnghet a. Chuta an rel dan chuan hmeichhia reng rengin an kutlawngin sakramen chhang an ei thiang ve lo va, an thi neih lâi phei chuan an tel thei lo hrim hrim ang. Chu mai a la ni lo, biak ina an zai ve pawh phalsak an ni lo va. Hla key sâng, contralto sa tur chu mitil reh an hmang mai \hin.

            Biak ina hmeichhia an zai ve thian leh thian loh chungchangah hian kohhran (local church) \henkhat chu an buai rei viau bawk. Kohhran \henkhat chuan biak ina hmeichhe zai loh tur tih chu an zawm \ha duh lem lo. Tin, hmeichhe raipuar baptisma chantir leh chantir loh ringawt pawh inhnialna tham a ni. AD 601 khan a hma lawka England rama missionary hna thawk \hin Canterbury-a awm Augustine-a chuan kohhran policy leh dan tê neuh neuh zâwtin Pope Gregory I chu lehkha a thawn a. A zawhna zingah chuan hmeichhe raipuar baptis theih an ni em tih leh hmeichhe thi nei lâiin sakramen an ei thiang em tihte a tel a.

            Augustine-a lehkhathawn hi Pope chuan chhangin Pathianin nau pâi thei tura malsawmna a pêk raipuarte baptisma chantir loh ringawt chu dika a hriat loh thu leh hmeichhe bawlhhlawh (thi nei mumal lo nia lang) pawhin Isua a dek a, a lo dam ta mai a. Chuvangin anni pawh sakramen an ei theih lohna tur a awm lo a ti a. Mahse he pope thupuan hian chutih laia an inhnialna chu a la ching fel zo chuang lo a ni.

            Hun Lai Ta vel laia Waldensian-ho erawh chu hmeichhe chungchangah an zâu hle. A fiahna chiang tak chu ka hmu mai lo naa Waldensian-ho hian kohhran rawngbawlna-ah hmeichhia an chhawr nasa hle a. Thuhril te, baptisma chantir te leh Lalpa zanriah buatsaih te pawh an ti ve mai \hin nia sawi a ni.

            Kum zabi 13-na laia Pathian thu thiam hmingthang Thomas Aquinas-a erawh chuan hmeichhia a dah hniam hle thung. Hmeichheho a dah hniam thu pawh a ziak tam hle an ti. A ngaihdan chuan hmeichheho chu tisa châkna chauhin a thunun laiin mipate erawh chu chhia leh \ha hriatnain a thunun thung. Hmeichhiate chu kawng engkimah mipa chunga innghat an ni a. Hmeichhe chunga mipa innghahna awmchhun chu chi thlah thu hla-ah chauh a ni. Heng avangte leh chhan dang dang avangin hmeichheho chu kohhran rawngbawlna khawih ve tlâkah a ngai lo va. Hetiang zawnga teh chuan hmeichhe dinhmun chu sal dinhmun aiin a hniam zawk tihna a ni.

            Ziak lama hmeichhe famkim lohna leh mipa aia an hniam zâwkzia sawi nasa ber chu kum 1486-a Dominican Inquisitors-ho lehkhabu ziah Withches’ Hammer kha a ni maithei. Khatih hun lai thuziak tam tak chuan hmeichhia an dah hniam ve hrim hrim bawk a. Entirnan Avignon puithiam pakhat chuan hmeichhe dik lohna (fault) 102 a ziak a. Chung zinga pakhat chu ‘hremhmun luah lumtu’ an ni a tih chu a ni. Hmeichhiate chu dawithiama puhin an halhlum fo bawk. Ziaktu pakhat a hming ka hriat mai loh phei chuan hmeichhiate chuan dawi an uar em avangin hremhmunah mipa aiin an tam a ring zawk.

            Reformation hnu khan hmeichhe dah hniamna hi a nêp deuh mai thei. Chu pawh chu la inhnial theih tak a ni. Martin Luther-a kha chuan Juda-ho leh hmeichheho hi a dah sang lo khawp a. Juda-ho phei chu huat tak têin a hua a ni awm e tih turin a bei na salh salh khawp mai. Mahse chu lam chu kan chhui tur a nih loh avangin dah \ha hrih ila. Luthera’n hmeichhe chungchang a sawi zinga kan hriat lar pakhat chu, ‘Hmeichheho chu nu ber an nihna a\angin han dahsawn teh u, engahmah an chhawr tlâk tawh lo vang,” tih hi a ni. “Mipa dar chu a pharh a, an kawngbawr a zuih a, a fin pawh an fing a ni. Hmeichhia erawh chu an dar a zuih a, an mawngbawr a lian thung. Hmeichhia chu in chhûngah an awm tur a ni; an mawngbawr lian hian hetiang tura siam an nihzia a entir. Chuvangin in chhung vil ula, naupang enkawl rawh u,” a ti bawk.

            John Calvin-a erawh chu hmeichhe chungchangah a nêm deuh niin a lang a. A ngaihdan diktak erawh hriat a harsa hle. Scotland rama siam \hatu John Knox-a erawh chu hmeichhe chungchangah hian a khauh hle thung. Roman Catholic hmeichhe lal (queen) pahnih England lal Mary Tudor (Bloody Mary) leh Scotland lalnu Quise-i te kut an tuar nasa bawk nen rawngbawlnaa hmeichhe inrawlh ve a duh loh thu a sawi na hle. A ngaihdan chu hmeichhiate chu an ‘chak lo va, an derthawng a, an â hle a, an sual a, finna pawh an nei lo.’ “Hmeichhe \hatna ber chu mipa thu thua awm tur leh an rawngbawl tura siam an nihna hi a ni,” a ti. Heti tak hian hmeichhia chu dah hniamin lang mah se Knox-a hian hmeichhia \hian \ha tak tak, a nun khawih em emtute a nei nual tho.

            Reformation hian hmeichhiate tân zalenna a pe ti ila kan tisual tam lo vang chu maw! Hetih lâi vela Roman Catholic hmeichhe puithiamho awmna convent chu an khirh hle a. A khirh zual, entirnân Nimbschem khuaa Cistercian Convent-ah chuan nun sawmli an awm a. Chung nun-ho chu anmahni leh anmahni inbiak pawh an phal zen zen lo va. An chhungten an tlawh pawhin puanzar phen atang chauhin an be thei; chu pawh an hotute \awiawmna nen chauh lehnghal. An kal vel pawhin lu kûnin an kal ang a, zawi muangin an kal tur a ni.

            Hetiang tak hian invawng khauh mah se reformation boruak chuan a chim ve tho mai a. Convent a\angin nun tam tak an tlan chhuak a. An inru chhuak bawk a. Chunga an inrûk chhuah dan velte chu thawnthu ngaihnawm tak tak a awm. Heng hun lai atang hian hmeichhe zingah tunhma ang lo taka thuhril ngam an rawn awm ta a. Chungte chu Catherine von Bora Luther-i te, Catherine Zell-i te, Argula von Grumback-i te, Marguerite-i te, Renee-i te leh midang dang an ni.  

            A pâwl ang zawng pawhin hmeichhia leh mipa kan intluk reng e tih thu kal puitu an rawn lang \an ta bawk. Chung zinga a hmasa ber pâwl chu England rama Fifth Monarchist an tihhote kha an ni. Anni ngaihdan chuan kohhran rawngbawlna zawng zawngah hmeichhia an tel thiang vek a. Hei vang hian hmeichhiate pawhin an bawh phah deuh niin an sawi. An zingah hian hmeichhe thusawi thiam lar ve tak takte pawh an awm awm e.

            France rama mi \henkhat tihduhdahna tuarte chu England ramah an tlanchhia a. Chung zinga mi tlêm tê chu French Prophets pâwl an ti a. Anni pawh hi hmeichhe lam pâwl deuh an ni a. John Wesley-a sawi danin an inkhawm pawh a chhangchhe deuh. Mahse hmeichhia leh mipa intluktlan thu sawi uartute an nihna hi kan tarlan chhan a ni.

            Quaker-ho an rawn lang ve leh a. Bâwm ak thu-ah chuan Quaker pâwl dintute hi hmeichhia deuh hlir an ni a. Mahse a dintu taka sawi chu George Fox-a a ni. Anni pâwl hian kohhran chhûng rawngbawlna-ah reng reng hmeichhia leh mipa an thliar lo. Anniho hi chu a hmaa mite âi khan an tam a, an huhang a na a, chanchin sawi tur pawh an ngah khawp mai. Hmeichhe nasa fê fê, chanchin ngaihnawm tak tak sawi tur an nei nual a. A tawrh pawh an tuar nasa hle. Kan thuziak tingaihnawmah pahnih khat chu ziak ang hmiang.

            Quaker hmeichhe zinga hming lang hmasa pâwl zinga pakhat Baptist thuhriltu, Fox-an Quaker ni tura a thlêm thlûk Elizabeth Hooton-i kha a ni. Quaker a nih angin mipa leh hmeichhia hi inang rengah a ngai a. England lal Charles II hma-ah pawh a \hing\hi duh bik lo. Hei vang han mipui hmâ-ah vuak a tuar fo va, lun in pawh a tân phah fo.  Boston (USA) khuaa a \hiannu Quaker ve bawk Mary Fisher tlawh tura a kal chu a chanchin an lo hre hmasa si a, Boston thuneitute chuan a chuanna lawng chu an lawngchawlhna hmuna chawlhtir an phal lo va. Virginia lamah kaltir a ni. Mahse he mite pahnih hi an tum a ruh khawp mai. An upa deuh tawh naa ke ngata New England kal an tum ta a. Kea engemaw chen an kal hnu-ah lawngin Boston chu an thleng leh ta a. Mahse an lo man a, patling \henkhatin sakawr chunga chuangin ramhnuai thlalerah an dah leh ta a ni.

            Hooton-i chu England-ah a kir leh a. A beidawng ta tihna chu a ni lo. “Bishop-ho thiltih dan duh lova inla hrangho chu bishop-ho aiin an sual zâwk,” tiin Boston khua amite awm dan chu a sawisel nghe nghe a ni. Lalber hnenah chuan Boston khuaa ram neih phalna dilin a hmêlmate awmnaa inkulh chu a la tum fan a. Mahse Boston khaw mite chuan lal thupêk chu engah tehual an lo ngai lo a ni ang, Boston a thlen thlâk rualin an lo man a. Zahthlâk taka sawisain khaw pâwnah an hnawt chhuak a. Ani tân chuan a rinna avanga fiahna a ni zel mai. Sakawr chungah chuantirin khua a\anga mêl engemaw zâta hla, ram sakawlh tak tak awmna hmunah an dah leh ta a. Mahse mak tak maiin hemi hmun a\ang hian damin a chhuak a, Jamaica lamah a kal ta a ni.

            Hooton-i lo pawh hi Quaker hmeichhia, an rinna avanga tuar sawi tur an tam hle. Entirnan May 31, 1660-a Boston khuaa mi sakhawmi tak takin an thurin a kalh tia an khaihlum tak Mary Dyer-i chanchinte kha a ngaihnawm hle.

            Amarawhchu zawi zawiin thil a lo danglam hret hret a. Economic lama hmasawnnain mihring min tichangkang zel a, chu chuan hmeichhe tân chanchin \ha a rawn thlen ta zel bawk a. Tichuan kristian zingah zawi zawiin hmeichhia an zalen tial tial a. Rawngbawlna-ah an inrawlh tam tial tial bawk a. Tun hi kan thleng ta a ni. Amarawhchu tun thleng hian kohhrana hmeichhia leh mipa dinhmun inthlauh dan chungchang hi inhnialna reh thei lo a la nih avangin a la ngaihnawm dawn chauh te pawh ni fahmiang.

            Hmeichhia leh mipa te hi kohhran rawngbawlna-ah pawh an intluk vek tur a ni ti pâwl an awm a. Chung mite chu christian egalitarian an ti a. A lehlamah hmeichhia leh mipa te hi Pathian siam danah inchawm tawn tur an ni a. Mipate hi a chungnung zâwka siam an ni. Kohhranah mipa tihtur chin a awm tilam hawia la \ang tlat, mipa rawngbawlna ang ang hmeichhe tâna la phal ve chiah lo an awm a. Chung mite chu complimentarian an ti.

            Assemblies of God te, Quakers te, Penticostal kohhran \henkhat te, Nothern Baptist te, Seventh-day Adventist te leh United Church of God te hi egalitarian pawmtu nia sawi an ni a. Mahse an pawm dan erawh a inchen lo hle. Roman Catholic leh Eastern Orthodox te hi complimentarian lam an ni a. Anniho pawm dan leh thil kalpui dan  pawh a inchen vek bik lo.

            Tunah chuan khawvel a lo danglam ta a, Pathian thu a\anga hmeichhe dahhniam hrim hrim te, biak ina zai phalsak ve loh te, inthlannaa vote neih ve phal loh te, nau an vei laia an na tilutuk chhawksak tura nachhawkna lam chi pêk phal loh ang te, an rai laia baptisma chantir phal loh te, an thineih laia sakramen ei phal ve loh te, biak ina thusawi phal ve loh te ang kha chu nuihzatthlâk a kâi ta zâwk a ni. Tunah hian kohhran tam tak chuan upa-ah emaw, pastor-ah emaw te chuan kan la iai deuh maithei a. Mahse hei pawh hi tun a\anga rei vak lo, keiniho kan thih hunah chuan \hangtharten history angin an la rawn chhiar ang a, fiamthu thawh nân an la hmang mai mai lo vang tih a sawi theih loh.

            Keini kohhranah pawh hian kum 1982-a Adventist kohhran ka zawm hnu-ah thil a danglam hret hret tih ka hmu hman. Kan pate rual chuan devine service-a hmeichhe dinchhuah ve kha an ngaithiam mang lo va. Thusawi te lek phei chu beisei ve turah an ngâi lo. Tunah erawh chuan tunhma ang em em kha kan ni tawh lo tih chu hai rual a ni lo va, chuvangin tuna hmeichhe beisei ve phâk loh tura kan ngaih tam tak hi nakin, kum sawmnga te a han vei leh hunah chuan mak ti miah lovin kan la pawm hmiah hmiah ang.

            Pathian thilsiam zingah hmeichheho hi siam hnuhnun ber an ni. Khatia ransa dang zawng zawngte a inkawp tur tê têa an han inkawp far mai a hmuh khan mihring hmasa ber Adama chuan mal ngawih ngawihin a inhria a. Khawtlâng lunglên kan tih ang hian han ngaih bik tur chiah hre lovin a khua a har ru ngawih ngawih ni awm tak a ni. A khawharzia hriain Pathian chuan a kawppui tur awm mi a siamsak ta a. Adama’n Evi a han hmu chu a lawm ngang mai a, a hmangaih nghal bur niawmin Bible chuan a sawi. Hei hi khawvel love story kan hmuh phâka first sight love kan hriat theih hmasak ber a ni bawk. Romeo-an zan khat thilthua Juliet-i a hmangaih nghal bur ang kha a ni ber awm e. A nuamah pawh a hrehawmah pawh tiin suala Evi a tlûk pawh khân a thih thlenga zui a thlang ta a ni.

             Kan pu ber Adama’n a zir bawk a, a thlahte hi hmeichhe tel lovin kan awm thei lo a ni ber e. Hmeichhe tel lovin kan piang thei lo va. An tel lovin kan thang lian thei lo va, an tel lovin chhungkua kan din thei lo. Chuvangin hmeichhiate hi an hlu a, duat hle tur kan lo ni.